2 Application standards

2.1 Trade items

2.1.1 Introduction

A trade item is any item (product or service) upon which there is a need to retrieve predefined information and that may be priced, or ordered, or invoiced at any point in any supply chain. This definition covers services and products, from raw materials through to end user products, all of which may have predefined characteristics.

The identification and marking of trade items enable the automation of the point-of-sale (through Price Look Up (PLU) files), of goods receiving, inventory management, automatic re-ordering, sales analysis and a wide range of other business applications.

If the item is of variable measure, the respective measure or price information will often be of critical importance to business applications. Attributes relating to trade items (e.g., dates, lot number) are also available as standardised element strings.

Each trade item that is different from another in design and/or content is allocated a unique identification number, which remains the same as long as it is traded. The same identification number is given to all trade items sharing key characteristics. Such numbers must be treated in their entirety throughout the supply chain.

The serialised identification of trade items, which enables total connectivity of information and communication systems, is achieved through the use of GS1 Application Identifier AI (01) GTIN and AI (21) serial number.

Different standard solutions apply depending on the nature of the item and the scope of the user’s applications. The following sections determine the identification and symbol marking rules applicable to a particular trade item.

2.1.1.1 Physical or non-physical trade items

Non-physical trade items are usually called services. Services may be identified with a unique GS1 identification key for use in open trade applications or in restricted distribution environments.

2.1.1.2 Open or restricted distribution

The main benefit of the GS1 system for trade items is that it provides a unique and unambiguous identification number for every trade item, which is applicable worldwide in open environments. In addition, the system provides for other number series that may be exclusively used for restricted distribution (e.g., national use, company internal use). Restricted Circulation Numbers are available to GS1 Member Organisations’ members to help them develop solutions applicable within their territory.

2.1.1.3 Fixed or variable measure

Fixed measure trade items are those that are always produced in the same version and composition (e.g., type, size, weight, contents and design). Like a fixed measure trade item, a variable measure trade item is an entity with predefined characteristics, such as the nature of the product or its contents. Unlike a fixed measure trade item, a variable measure trade item has at least one characteristic that varies whilst other characteristics of the trade item remain the same. The variable characteristic may be weight, dimension, number of items contained, or volume information. The complete identification of a variable measure trade item consists of both an identification number and information about the variable data.

2.1.1.4 Types of trade items

Scanning at the retail point-of-sale (POS) is a major application of the GS1 system, and trade items that are intended to cross a point-of-sale are subject to specific rules. Scanning of trade items are broken into four groups based on the application and sector. If a trade item falls within more than one trade item category (listed below), the most restrictive rules apply, see the appropriate application standard.

General retail consumer trade items are intended to be sold at retail point-of-sale identified

with a GTIN-13, GTIN-12 or GTIN-8 utilising omnidirectional linear barcodes. During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.2.

Regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items are sold to the end consumers at a retail

point-of-sale outlet (i.e., pharmacies). They are identified with a GTIN-13, GTIN-12 or GTIN-8 utilising linear or GS1 DataMatrix that can be scanned by image-based scanners. Non-retail trade items are any trade item that does not cross retail POS. Commonly, these
trade items will appear in mixed scanning environments (laser, image-based, etc.) depending on the application and industry sector. Typical examples include trade item groupings, direct part marked items, etc. Non-new trade items are any trade item of the above types that are being made available for
sale or use after the first use or consumer purchase (e.g., used, repurposed, refurbished, second life). For rules on identification of these types of trade items, see section 2.1.15. Note: Non-new trade items would not normally include trade items that have been returned in their original packaging for a refund.

2.1.1.5 Books and serial publications

Published material (newspapers, magazines and books) requires special consideration due to the following factors: A solution for published material should address the requirement to process returns (sorting and

counting) to wholesalers and publishers. This implies the reading of a supplementary number that is not required for item identification. The international systems, ISSN, ISBN and ISMN, already handle the numbering of publications
and books.

2.1.1.6 Single item or trade item grouping

A trade item may be a single, non-breakable unit or a predefined grouping of a series of single items. Trade items that are single, non-breakable units may be comprised of items that are not uniquely identified on the package and are not marked for individual sale (e.g., a bag of individually wrapped candies or toothbrushes of varying colours), which were referred to as “Random assortments” in versions of the GS1 General Specifications prior to v.23.

Trade item groupings may be present in a wide variety of physical forms, such as a fibreboard case, a covered or banded pallet, a film wrapped tray, or a crate with bottles. Trade items consisting of a single unit are identified with a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN). Trade item groupings of identical or different units, each identified with a GTIN, are identified with a separate GTIN; the individual trade item GTIN, within any grouping, remains the same. Example: trade item A has the same GTIN whether it is sold as a single unit in a case of twelve or sold as a single unit in a case of twenty-four.

2.1.1.7 Trade item assortments/bundles

Trade item assortments/bundles are combinations of trade items. Trade item assortments/bundles can be classified as follows: Physical trade item assortments/bundles are combinations of different trade items that are

physically combined into a single trade item, thus creating a new trade item.

Note: Combinations of the same trade items are either trade item groupings for general distribution (see sections 2.1.1.6 and 2.1.1.7) or pre-pack/multi-pack/set pack for apparel and home fashion (see section 4.2.4.3.1).

Virtual trade item assortments/bundles are combinations of multiple (same or different)

trade items that are not physically combined into a single trade item, but that are presented in selling environments as offers of combinations of multiple trade items (e.g., products or services). Note: Across the GS1 General Specifications, there are a number of terms that are used to describe combinations (e.g., “grouping”, “trade item grouping”, “multi-pack”, “trade item assortment/bundle”). Every effort has been made to ensure that these terms are used consistently, noting that some of these terms may have different colloquial meanings when used outside of the GS1 General Specifications.

Note: This section does not apply to regulated healthcare non-retail consumer trade items dispensed in a controlled environment (e.g., hospital, clinician’s office) Note: Creation of trade item assortment/bundles must comply with all regulations and laws.

2.1.1.7.1 Physical trade item assortments/bundles

Predefined: A trade item assortment/bundle that comprises a fixed composition of two or more

different trade items, each identified with a GTIN (see section 4.2). The trade items contained within may be trade items of one or more GTIN allocators. Regardless of the contents of the trade item assortment/bundle, GTIN allocation is the responsibility of the organisation that creates the trade item assortment/bundle. Any change in the configuration is considered a new trade item.

Predefined Fixed composition of two or more trade items. Each trade item within has its own GTIN and could be sold individually. Example: a predefined assortment/bundle contains a total of three trade items, always one of GTIN A, one of GTIN B and one of GTIN C.

Dynamic: A trade item assortment/bundle that comprises a variable composition of a fixed total

count of two or more different trade items, each identified with a GTIN (see section 4.2). All the trade items and their GTINs will have been communicated to the buyer before trading takes place. The buyer has accepted that the GTIN allocator may change the trade item assortment/bundle without any prior notice.

The trade items contained within the trade item assortment/bundle may be trade items of one or more GTIN allocators. Regardless of the contents, GTIN allocation for the trade item assortment/bundle is the responsibility of the organisation that creates the trade item assortment/bundle.

Dynamic There is a defined pool of trade items that may be in the trade item assortment/bundle. The quantity of each trade item in any instance of the trade item assortment/bundle is not guaranteed, but total number of trade items does not change. Each trade item within the assortment has its own GTIN and could be sold individually.

Example: a dynamic assortment/bundle could contain any three trade items with three different GTINs, each from a pool of trade items that have been defined for use in the dynamic trade item assortment/bundle, as long as there are always three trade items within the trade item assortment/bundle.

2.1.1.7.2 Virtual trade item assortment/bundle

Virtual trade item assortment/bundle: A combination of multiple (same or different) trade items that are NOT physically combined into a single trade item. Virtual trade item assortments/bundles are most often related to the listing/selling practice of virtually combining multiple trade items into a number of offers for sale, typically in online environments. Each individual trade item within a virtual trade item assortment/bundle SHALL be identified with a GTIN (see section 4.2). The virtual trade item assortment/bundle itself does not require assignment of a GTIN, as it is not a physical combination of trade items and is not itself a new trade item.

Note: Virtual trade item assortments/bundles are not stocked as single trade items. Sales of virtual trade item assortments/bundles are fulfilled by assembling the purchased quantity of each individual trade item at the time of order fulfilment.

Table 2-1 Trade item assortment/bundle summary

Assortment/bundle type	Graphic	Assortment GTIN? (Y/N)	Item mix: fixed/varied	Physically	Item GTINs? (Y/N)
combined
together?
(Y/N)
Physical	Predefined A trade item assortment/bundle that comprises a fixed composition of two or more different trade items, each identified with a GTIN	Y	Fixed	Y	Y
Dynamic A trade item assortment/bundle that comprises a variable composition of a fixed total count of two or more different trade items, each identified with a GTIN	Y	Varied	Y	Y

Assortment/bundle type	Graphic	Assortment GTIN? (Y/N)	Item mix: fixed/varied	Physically	Item GTINs? (Y/N)
combined
together?
(Y/N)
Virtual	A combination of multiple trade items that are NOT physically combined into a single trade item.	N	Fixed	N	Y

2.1.1.8 Regulated healthcare trade items (RHTI)

Regulated healthcare trade items (RHTI) are pharmaceutical or medical device trade items that are sold or dispensed in a controlled environment such as in a retail pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, etc.

2.1.1.8.1 Marking levels of regulated healthcare trade items

For regulated healthcare trade items (RHTI) three levels of identification have been developed: Minimum level of AIDC marking.

Enhanced level of AIDC marking.
Highest level of AIDC marking.
The identification solution for each of these levels may differ between the category of “pharmaceuticals” (which includes biologics, vaccines, controlled substances, clinical trial pharmaceuticals and therapeutic nutritional products) versus the category of “medical devices” (which includes all classes of medical devices) and may also differ by configuration or packaging level (trade items direct marked, primary packaging, secondary packaging, case/shipper, pallet, logistics unit).

The standards in section 2.1.6 define the data required by packaging level and by product type. For purposes of AIDC marking, the brand owner is responsible for determining the proper assignment of each regulated healthcare retail consumer trade item to either the pharmaceutical or medical device category in accordance with local regulatory requirements. Additionally, within some use cases, or under the requirement of some regulations, certain medical devices will require direct part marking (DPM) of the AIDC data carrier. For more details on the application of DPM with medical devices see section 2.1.8.

2.1.1.8.2 National Healthcare Reimbursement Numbers

National Healthcare Reimbursement Number (NHRN) is the term for identification numbers used on pharmaceutical and/or medical devices, where required by national or regional regulatory organisations, for product registration purposes and/or for the management of reimbursement. For compliance with a national/regional regulatory or industry requirement where the GTIN will not meet the current need, the trade item SHALL be identified with GTIN and the applicable GS1 Application Identifier for NHRN.

See sections 2.1.5, 2.1.6 and 3.8.20 for a complete description of the structure and rules of use of the GS1 Application Identifier for NHRN.

2.1.1.9 Single trade items composed of several physical parts

Because of its physical nature, a trade item may be packed in separate physical parcels. For example, furniture equipment may be composed of several pieces (e.g., a sofa and two armchairs, which cannot be ordered or sold separately). A specific standard solution is available to identify and symbol mark each component of a trade item composed of several physical parts.

2.1.1.10 GTIN data string

A GTIN may be an eight, twelve, thirteen or fourteen-digit string. These strings will be unique when they incorporate a GS1 Company Prefix, U.P.C. Company Prefix or GS1-8 Prefix as required and if they are always treated as a data string of digits plus a final check digit. The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification ensures that the number is correctly composed.

Table 2-2 Overview of GTIN formats

GTIN Formats
‹─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─	──────────────────────────────────›
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12	N13
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12	N13	N14

(GTIN-8) (GTIN-12) (GTIN-13) (GTIN-14) When any of these GTINs is encoded in a data carrier that must encode a fixed-length data string of 14-digits, the GTINs less than 14-digits in length must be prefixed by leading zeroes that simply act as filler digits.

Table 2-3 14-digit representation of the four GTIN formats

added zero(es)	right aligned GTIN string
‹─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─	──────────────────────────────────›
0	0	0	0	0	0	N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8
0	0	N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12
0	N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12	N13
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12	N13	N14

(GTIN-8) (GTIN-12) (GTIN-13) (GTIN-14) The presence or lack of these leading zeroes does not change the GTIN concerned. Note: GTINs may be stored with or without leading zeroes in the same database field, depending on the requirements of the particular application.

Note: A GTIN-12 may start with one, two or three leading zeroes. These zeroes are meaningful since they are part of the U.P.C. Company prefix, and therefore these must be preserved when storing the GTIN-12 in a database field. For the list of U.P.C. Prefix ranges see section 1.2.3.

2.1.2 Fixed measure trade items – open supply chain

Fixed measure trade items are those that are always produced in the same version and composition (e.g., type, size, weight, contents, design). The identification number identifies the item unambiguously. Every trade item that is different from another in any respect is assigned a separate Global Trade Item Number (GTIN).

2.1.3 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS

A fixed measure consumer trade item that is intended to be read at retail point-of-sale (POS) SHALL be identified with a GTIN-8, GTIN-12, or GTIN-13. It SHALL carry a barcode from the EAN/UPC family or the GS1 DataBar® retail POS family. During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.2

2.1.3.1 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-12 or GTIN-13

Application description

Table 2-4 GTIN-12/GTIN-13 data structure

GS1 Company Prefix	Item reference	Check
─────────────────────›	‹────────────────────	digit
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12	N13
U.P.C. Company Prefix	Item reference	Check
──────────────────›	‹────────────────────	digit
N1	N2	N3	N4	N5	N6	N7	N8	N9	N10	N11	N12

(GTIN-13) (GTIN-12) The GS1 Company Prefix is allocated by a GS1 Member Organisation to a system user. It makes the ID number unique worldwide but does not identify the origin of the item. Any valid GS1 Company Prefix, other than ones starting with a zero, may be used to issue a GTIN-13 and any valid U.P.C Company Prefix may be used to issue a GTIN-12. The GS1 Prefixes used for this purpose can be found in section 1.2.3.

The item reference is assigned by the system user, who must observe the rules in section 4. The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-12

GTIN-13
Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers (AI) that can be used with a GTIN, see section 3. Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carriers for this element string are:

UPC-A barcode (carrying a GTIN-12).

EAN-13 barcode (carrying a GTIN-13).
GS1 DataBar Retail POS family (carrying GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 represented in a fixed-length data
string of 14 digits by adding leading zeroes).

Note: During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.2.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines are defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.3.2 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-12 carried by a UPC-E

barcode Application description Some GTIN-12s beginning with the U.P.C. Prefix 0 may be represented in a small symbol called the UPC-E barcode. The GTIN-12 is condensed into a barcode consisting of six symbol character positions. For application processing, the GTIN-12 must be transformed into its full length by the barcode reader software or by the application software. There is no six-digit UPC-E barcode. See section 7.10 for UPC-E barcode options.

GS1 key Required GTIN-12

Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices UPC-E (carrying a GTIN-12 in six explicitly encoded digits using zero-suppression techniques).

Note: During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.2.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.3.3 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-8

Application description The GTIN-8 is available for items whose packaging does not include enough available space to permit the use of an EAN-13 symbol. GTIN-8s are individually assigned by GS1 Member Organisations on request. Table 2-5 shows the data structure of a GTIN-8.

Table 2-5 GTIN-8 data structure

GS1-8 Prefix	Item reference	Check
─────────────›	‹─────────────	digit
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7	N8

The GS1-8 Prefix is a unique string of two or more digits issued by GS1 Global Office. See section 1.2.3.2 for the GS1-8 Prefixes used in this element string. The item reference is assigned by the GS1 Member Organisation. The GS1 Member Organisations provide procedures for obtaining GTIN-8s.

The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed. GS1 key Required GTIN-8

Rules

GS1 DataBar Retail POS family (carrying a GTIN-8).
Note: During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.2.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.3.4 Hardcover books and paperbacks scanned at retail POS using ISBN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12

Application description When identifying books and paperbacks a company may identify them in the same manner as any other retail trade items (see section 2.1.3). However, the recommended option is to use the International Standard Book Number (ISBN numbering system). The GS1 Prefixes 978 and 979 1 have been allocated to ISBN (http://www.isbn-international.org/), which allocates numbers from these ‘Bookland’ prefixes.

Note: ISBNs SHALL NOT be allocated to non-book products even if the products are related to a book (e.g., teddy bears, coffee mugs, T-shirts, etc. related to a book launch). Such non- book products SHALL be identified and barcoded in the same manner as any other retail trade item (see section 2.1.3). A trade item grouping of identical book items would normally be identified according to section 2.1.7.2. However, an ISBN may also be used to create a 14- digit GTIN with an indicator to identify a trade item grouping of identical book items (refer to section 2.1.7.2) provided that the publisher that issues the 14-digit GTIN is a member of a GS1 organisation or is authorised to act through an agreement between its local GS1 Member Organisation and the local organisation representing publishers.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: ISBN using GS1 Prefix 978 or 979

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional Some publishers may wish to communicate additional information in a barcode in order to meet their internal requirements. For example, publishers may wish to include an edition variant (e.g., unchanged reprint, price increase), which is not distinguished by the ISBN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12.

1 Within GS1 Prefix 979 a subset 9790 has been allocated to the International ISMN Agency for notated music. The GS1 system provides an additional two- or five-digit symbol, called an add-on symbol that can be included on the item just to the right of the main symbol.

A two-digit or five-digit add-on number provides more information about a particular publication of the printed item, but it is not required for the identification of the title itself.

Table 2-6 shows the format of a two-digit add-on:

Table 2-6 Two-digit add-on format

Supplementary information
N1 N2

The supplementary information consists of numeric data of any structure and meaning. It is the publisher's responsibility to define the numbering scheme. The data carrier for this element string is the two-digit add-on symbol.

The system recognises this element string by the symbology identifier ]E1. The two-digit add-on symbol must be jointly used with a UPC-A, UPC-E or EAN-13 barcode. It is never scanned alone, and the data from both barcodes can be used together for processing.

Table 2-7 shows the format of a five-digit add-on:

Table 2-7 Five-digit add-on format

Supplementary information
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5

The system recognises this element string by the symbology identifier ]E2. The five-digit add-on symbol must be jointly used with a UPC-A, UPC-E or EAN-13 barcode. It is never scanned alone, and the data from both barcodes can be used together for processing.

Rules Add-on symbols involve the following constraints: They SHOULD NOT contain information that should rightly be looked up using the item’s GTIN-13

(or GTIN-12).

The reading of the add-on symbol by the retailer's point-of-sale system is optional.

The use of the add-on symbol is the responsibility of each publisher.
Data carrier specification

Carrier choices Individual books and paperbacks SHOULD be marked with an EAN-13, UPC-A, or UPC-E barcode that complies with the print quality specifications applicable to all GS1 system barcodes. The EAN/UPC 2-digit or 5-digit Add-on symbols are options used with the above EAN/UPC symbols.

Groupings of identical book items and paperbacks SHOULD be marked with GS1-128 or ITF-14, see section 2.1.7.2. Note: When identifying serial publications, see section 2.1.3.5. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.4. Unique application processing requirements For description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.3.5 Serial publications scanned at retail POS using ISSN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12

Application description The first and recommended option is to make use of the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) system. The GS1 Prefix 977 is used for encoding the ISSN assigned to a particular item without its check digit.

The second option is to identify serial publications in the same manner as any other trade item: using the GTIN-13 or GTIN-12 data structure. The third option involves using a special GS1 Company Prefix (assigned by a GS1 Member Organisation within its territory), the publication number and the price of the publication (provided that the national legislation allows this). With this option, the price is placed in clearly defined positions and is directly usable in the country of publication. However, as soon as the item leaves the country, the price has no direct significance, and the GTIN must be interpreted in a general way without being broken down internally.

GS1 Prefix	ISSN (without its check digit)	Variant	Check digit
9 7 7	N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10	N11 N12	N13

The variant digits N11 and N12 may be used to express variants of the same title for issues with a different price or to identify different issues of a daily within one week. Normal title takes value 00.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: ISSN using GS1 Prefix 977

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
Rules

A two-digit or five-digit add-on number provides more information about a particular publication of the printed item, but it is not required for the identification of the title itself.

Table 2-8 shows the format of a two-digit add-on:

Table 2-8 Two-digit add-on format

Supplementary information
N1 N2

GS1 recommends the use of the following number assignment: Dailies (or more generally publications with several issues a week): The publications of each day

of the week are considered separate trade items that must be identified with a separate identification number represented in an EAN-13, UPC-A, or UPC-E symbol. The two-digit add-on number should only be used to represent the applicable week, which, together with the GTIN-13 or GTIN-12, establishes the day within the year.

Weeklies: Number of the week (01 – 53).

Bi-weeklies: Number of the first week of the respective period (01 – 53).
Monthlies: Number of the month (01 – 12).
Bi-monthlies: Number of the first month of the respective period (01 – 12).
Quarterlies: Number of the first month of the respective period (01 – 12).
Seasonal period: First digit = last digit of the year; second digit = 1 spring, 2 summer, 3
autumn, 4 winter.

Bi-annual period: First digit = last digit of the year; second digit = number of the first season of

the respective period.

Annuals: First digit = last digit of the year; second digit = 5.

Special intervals: Consecutively numbered from 01 to 99.
The add-on number is carried by a two-digit add-on symbol that is placed to the right of the symbol and parallel to it. The add-on symbol must comply with the print quality specifications applicable to all GS1 system barcodes. For example, the X-dimension applied to the main barcode must also be applied to the add-on symbol.

Serial publications can also use a five-digit add-on number carried by a five-digit add-on symbol. The reading of the add-on symbol at a point-of-sale is optional. The add-on symbol must not be used to encode information that should be contained within the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN).

The add-on symbol provides additional information about a particular publication of a printed item, and it is the publisher’s responsibility to define the numbering scheme. Table 2-9 shows the format of a five-digit add-on:

Table 2-9 Five-digit add-on format

Supplementary information
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5

Information that can be encoded in the five-digit add-on symbol includes the actual date of issue, in order to differentiate between successive issues. The five-digit add-on symbol is placed to the right of the main symbol and parallel to it. The add-on symbol must comply with the print quality specifications applicable to all GS1 system barcodes. For example, the X-dimension applied to the main symbol also must be applied to the add-on symbol.

Rules When using a five-digit add-on symbol, a two-digit add-on symbol cannot also be used. Data carrier specification Carrier choices Serial Publications SHOULD be marked with an EAN-13, UPC-A, or UPC-E barcode that complies with the print quality specifications applicable to all GS1 system barcodes. The EAN/UPC two-digit or five- digit add-on symbols are options used with the above EAN/UPC symbols.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.3.6 Fixed measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS

Application description Fresh foods includes product categories such as: fruits, vegetables, meat, seafood, bakery and ready-to-serve food such as cheeses, cold cooked or cured meats and salad, etc.

In this application there are different scenarios: Loose produce: Picked as an each – sold as an each.

Fresh food: Pre-packed with same weight or count.
Loose produce trade items sold as an each

Loose produce are fruits and vegetables which are delivered to the store loose, in boxes or cases. Loose produce can then be displayed on the shelf allowing for the consumer to pick the product quantities needed. If loose produce has been defined to be sold by the each then they are treated in the same way as the retailer sells a can of soup or beans.

From a brand owner’s perspective, the trade item is a fixed measure trade item identified with a GTIN with no additional attributes necessary to complete transaction. Pre-packed fresh food trade items When fresh foods trade items, whether loose produce or cut from a bulk item or cut into pieces are pre-packaged as a fixed measure trade item then the trade item is also treated like any other fixed measure trade item identified with a GTIN with no additional attributes necessary to complete transaction.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers (AI) that can be used with a GTIN, see section 3. Rules Not applicable.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carriers for this element string are: UPC-A barcode (carrying a GTIN-12)

EAN-8 barcode (carrying GTIN-8)
EAN-13 barcode (carrying a GTIN-13)
GS1 DataBar Retail POS family (carrying GTIN-12 or GTIN-13)
The GS1 DataBar symbols encode a 14-digit numeric string. When encoding GTIN-8, GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 in GS1 DataBar symbols zero-fill with six, two, or one zeroes to the left of the GTIN. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement There are no specified rules for symbol placement on loose produce scanned at POS. Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.1.4 Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution and at retail POS

Trade items intended for general distribution and retail point-of-sale scanning SHALL carry a barcode from the EAN/UPC or GS1 DataBar retail POS family. These trade items SHALL be identified with GTIN-8, GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 (see section 2.1.3). For symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality, see section 5.12.3.3, GS1 symbol specification table 3. During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross- application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.3.

Note: Allocation of GTIN-8 to new trade items for this application SHALL conform to section 4.2.7

2.1.5 Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items)

Application description Healthcare primary packaging trade items are pharmaceutical and medical products or their packages presented to support the point-of-care (direct consumption based on right product, dose and route of administration). Because the product is never scanned at retail POS, the use of symbologies beyond EAN/UPC and the use of GTIN-14 data structure is permitted.

These products, which may be packaged in a sterile packaging system or in a non-sterile packaging system, are only marked when the package is intended for dispensing to the consumer in a hospital or equivalent facility (e.g., field hospital, nursing home, home healthcare).

See section 4.15.1 Multiple barcode management practices for consumer trade items – all sectors and section 4.15.3 Multiple barcode management practices for healthcare if the product is intended for scanning at general retail and also must meet regulatory requirements for this application section based on multiple market use. If an item is a regulated healthcare retail consumer trade item and also a non-retail trade item then the barcode marking for regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items is required at a minimum.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
GTIN-14
Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4. If the regulated healthcare retail consumer trade item to be marked on the primary packaging does not also have secondary packaging, then the primary packaging markings in this section do not apply and are replaced by the required markings in the secondary packaging section (2.1.6).

Example: a bottle of 50 pharmaceutical tablets (the primary package) is not enclosed into a carton (which would represent the secondary packaging). In this instance, the secondary packaging markings are required on the primary packaging level.

If the required AIDC marks are placed directly on the part, then those AIDC marks (e.g., barcode, human readable interpretation) satisfy the requirements for primary package marking. If those marks are functional (scannable) through the primary packaging, then no additional AIDC marks are required on the primary package.

If the product to be marked has primary packaging that is a blister pack containing several individual pharmaceutical items, for instance a blister pack of 12 pills or tablets, the following rules apply:

GTIN is the only required mark.

In addition to the GTIN rules described in section 4, see section 4.2.7 for rules on deploying
GTIN-8.

Attributes Required

Table 2-10 Overview of required attributes

AIDC marking level	Key	Batch/lot number - AI (10)	Expiration date – AI (17)	Serial number – AI (21)	Other
for regulated
healthcare trade
items
Minimum (pharmaceutical only)	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN- 14	No	No	No	None
Enhanced (med device only)	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN- 14	Yes	Yes	No	None
Highest – pharmaceutical brand owner AIDC marking	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN- 14	No	No	No	None
Highest – medical device - brand owner AIDC marking	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN- 14	Yes	Yes	Yes	Active potency, AI (7004), for kits with pharmaceuticals

AIDC marking level	Key	Batch/lot number - AI (10)	Expiration date – AI (17)	Serial number – AI (21)	Other
for regulated
healthcare trade
items
Highest – hospital AIDC marking of pharmaceutical	GTIN-8, GTIN -12, GTIN -13, or GTIN -14	No	Yes, Expiration date and time, AI (7003), if needed for short life items	Yes	None
Highest – hospital AIDC marking of certain medical devices (see section 2.1.8)	GRAI, AI (8003), or GIAI, AI (8004), is optional if GTIN, AI (01), + serial number, AI (21), is not marked on the product.	No	No	GRAI, AI (8003), or GIAI, AI (8004), is optional if GTIN, AI (01), + serial number, AI (21), is not marked on the product.

To manage healthcare data requirements within EPC/RFID tags, see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS). Optional For compliance with a national/regional regulatory or industry requirement where the GTIN will not meet the need, a regulated healthcare trade item may be identified with GTIN and AI (710), AI (711), AI (712), AI (713), AI (714), AI (715), AI (716) and AI (717) National Healthcare Reimbursement Number, see section 3.8.20.

Rules All the GTIN rules described in section 4. National Healthcare Reimbursement Number AI (710), AI (711), AI (712), AI (713), AI (714) AI (715), AI (716) and AI (717) must always be used with the GTIN.

Human readable interpretation For human readable interpretation rules see section 4.14. For HRI rules specific to regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items, see section 4.14.1.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices

Table 2-11 Carrier choices

Preferred option(s) (this is the long-term direction for AIDC marking)	GS1 DataMatrix symbology GS1-128 symbology GS1 DataBar symbology NOTE: If a product package serves multiple markets and in one market the specifications in section 2.1.3 apply, then the specification for 2.1.3 must be followed for encoding GTIN (at a minimum) and the rules for use of multiple symbols in section 4.15 apply.
Option in addition to the barcode	EPC/RFID tag. GS1 expects the barcode as the minimum requirement for packaging however EPC/RFID is an approved AIDC carrier which can be deployed in addition to the barcode.
Other acceptable options	The following symbols have been permitted by GS1 and therefore could appear on some existing packages. For that reason, GS1 does not want to preclude them as an option, particularly where GTIN without additional data (Minimum ID)
(GS1 strongly supports
existing options for
symbol marking as a

guiding principle and therefore supports all previous AIDC marking specifications)

is required. With that said, symbols that allow all the data to be concatenated into one symbol are the preferred option. EAN/UPC symbology family (UPC-A, UPC-E, EAN-8 and EAN-13) may be used to encode the GTIN-8, GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 Identification. ITF-14 symbols may be used where printing conditions require the application of a less demanding symbology. It may not be used when attribute information is required. ITF-14 symbols can encode the GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 of the item. It is not used to encode attribute information. GS1 Composite Component is also used in combination with linear symbols by GS1 and therefore remains a legitimate option however, GS1 DataMatrix is preferred based on its ability to encode all information in one symbol and do so efficiently in terms of print speed and panel size.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.6, GS1 symbol specification table 6. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.6 Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade

items) A regulated healthcare retail consumer trade item not intended to be scanned in high volumes per consumer transaction at retail, but does require additional data beyond GTIN to support regulatory requirements. This means, these trade items support:

GTIN-8, GTIN-12, or GTIN-13 data structures.

GTIN attributes such as batch/lot number, expiration dates, or serial numbers.
They may be marked with GS1 DataMatrix that require imaging-based scanners or linear symbologies such as GS1 DataBar or GS1-128. If an item is a general retail consumer trade item and regulated healthcare retail consumer trade item, then the barcode marking for general retail is required at a minimum.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
GS1 firmly endorses the use of GTIN in all markets, however there are instances where GS1

Member Organisations have allocated a portion of their numbering capacity to identification schemes administered nationally by external agencies. These coding schemes while recognised within the GS1 system framework by the assignment of a GS1 Prefix are defined, in Healthcare, as National Trade Items Numbers (NTINs) rather than Global Trade item Numbers (GTINs). NTINs are unique with respect to GTINs as their values are a subset of all possible values of GTIN. However, their definition, allocation and life cycle rules are defined by an organisation external to GS1.

The degree to which NTIN definitions and rules are compatible with those of GTIN is specific to each national definition. Whilst NTIN will always provide globally unique identification within the GTIN pool of numbers, this does not mean NTIN provides the same level of interoperability as GTIN with other GS1 standards, such as GDSN and ONS. In markets where NTIN is adopted exclusively of GTIN, the reciprocal nature of GTIN identification and marking across markets is lost and becomes problematic where one package which should serve multiple markets (e.g., common language) requires multiple NTINs rather than one GTIN.

Rules See the GTIN rules in section 4.2. Attributes Required

Table 2-12 Overview of required attributes

AIDC marking level	Key	Batch/lot number - AI (10)	Expiration date – AI (17)	Serial number – AI (21)	Other
for regulated
healthcare trade
items
Minimum – Pharmaceutical & medical device	GTIN-8, GTIN- 12, or GTIN-13	No	No	No	None
Enhanced – Pharmaceutical & medical device	GTIN-8, GTIN- 12, or GTIN-13	Yes	Yes	No	None

AIDC marking level	Key	Batch/lot number - AI (10)	Expiration date – AI (17)	Serial number – AI (21)	Other
for regulated
healthcare trade
items
Highest – Brand owner AIDC marking	GTIN-8, GTIN- 12, or GTIN-13	Yes	Yes	Yes	Potency AI (7004) (for pharmaceutical, and for medical device kits with pharmaceuticals)
Highest – Hospital AIDC marking of pharmaceuticals	GTIN-8, GTIN- 12, or GTIN-13	No	Yes, AI (7003) if needed for short life items	Yes	None
Highest - Hospital AIDC marking of certain medical devices (see section 2.1.8)	GRAI, AI (8003), or GIAI, AI (8004), is optional if GTIN, AI (01), + serial number, AI (21), is not marked on the product.	No	No	GRAI, AI (8003), or GIAI, AI (8004), is optional if GTIN, AI (01), + serial number, AI (21), is not marked on the product.

Rules National Healthcare Reimbursement Number AI (710), AI (711), AI (712), AI (713), AI (714), AI (715), AI (716) and AI (717) must always be used with the GTIN. Data carrier specification Carrier choices See the “data carrier specification carrier choices” recommendations on preferred options, options in addition to the barcode and other acceptable options found at the end of section 2.1.5.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For regulated healthcare consumer trade items scanned in retail pharmacy and general distribution or non-retail pharmacy and general distribution see section 5.12.3.8, GS1 symbol specification table 8.

For regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items not scanned in general distribution see section 5.12.3.10, GS1 symbol specification table 10. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.7 Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution

Every trade item that is different from another in any respect is assigned a unique Global Trade Item Number (GTIN). This includes trade item groupings of retail and non-retail trade items that are also trade items, and non-retail single units. For example, each of the packaging types in Table 2-13, if traded, is assigned a separate GTIN.

Table 2-13 Example of GTIN numbering options

Trade item	GTIN numbering options
GTIN-8	GTIN-12	GTIN-13	GTIN-14
Single product A	X	X	X
50 x product A (Trade item grouping)	X	X	X
50 x product A (Trade item grouping, e.g., display case)	X	X	X
100 x product A (Trade item grouping)	X	X	X
Single product B	X	X	X
50 x product A 50 x product B	X	X

If, at any time, the trade item is shipped or transported as an independent logistic unit, at the time of shipment it SHOULD additionally be identified with an SSCC. The combination of a GTIN and a serial number (also known as SGTIN) does not replace the SSCC as the identifier of a logistic unit.

If, in addition to the item being identified by GTIN, the item also has a product model, then this product model is identified with a Global Model Number (GMN). See section 2.6.13 for the application standard on GMN.

2.1.7.1 Identification of a trade item that is a single product

Application description The manufacturer or supplier has the option of assigning a unique GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13 or in the case of regulated healthcare trade items and trade items used in manufacturing and maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) processes, a GTIN-14 to a trade item that is a single product as shown in Table 2-14. Restricted Circulation Numbers (RCNs) SHALL NOT be used in this element string.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
For regulated healthcare trade items and trade items used in manufacturing and maintenance,
repair & overhaul (MRO) processes: GTIN-14.

Rules See the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required For regulated healthcare consumer trade items the following levels of AIDC marking are specified.

Table 2-14 Overview of required attributes

AIDC marking level for	Key	Batch/lot	Expiration date – AI (17)	Serial	Other
regulated healthcare trade	number -	number
items	AI (10)	– AI (21)
Minimum	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14	No	No	No	None
Enhanced	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14	Yes	Yes	No	None
Highest – Brand owner AIDC marking	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14	Yes	Yes	Yes	Potency AI (7004) for pharmaceutical, and for medical device kits with pharmaceutical (cases only for both situations)
Highest – Hospital AIDC marking of pharmaceutical	GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14	No	AI (7003) for short-life products	Yes	None
Hospital AIDC marking of medical devices	No	No	No	No	None

To manage healthcare data requirements within EPC/RFID tags, see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS). Optional Not applicable Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices General Symbols from the EAN/UPC symbology family (UPC-A, UPC-E, may be used to encode the GTIN-

12, EAN-13 to encode the GTIN-13 and, if the size requirements are met, EAN-8 to encode the GTIN-8 of the trade item that is a single product). ITF-14 symbols may be used where printing conditions require the application of a less
demanding symbology. ITF-14 symbols can encode the GTIN-12, or GTIN-13 of the item.

A GS1-128 barcode or GS1 DataBar barcode with GS1 Application Identifier (01) may be used to

encode a GTIN that identifies the trade item if the printing conditions allow. The choice of one of these symbologies is particularly relevant if there is a need to encode attribute information in addition to the identification number. Some scanning systems may be able to handle 2D barcodes as well as linear barcodes. In these environments, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code may be used in addition to linear symbols. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15.

Manufacturing and maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) For trade items used in manufacturing and maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) processes the following data carrier choices take precedence over the carrier choices above:

GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code

In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:

Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When EPC/RFID is used as an additional data carrier, the SGTIN EPC, corresponding to a compound key of AI (01) and AI (21), must be used. When the associated barcode carries AI (21), it SHALL encode the same, brand-owner assigned serial number used to encode the serial number component of the SGTIN EPC on the EPC/RFID tag, taking care not to change any characters and neither add nor remove any leading zeros.

Healthcare: For healthcare, the following carrier selections take precedence over the carrier choices above and apply to all regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items.

Table 2-15 Healthcare carrier choices

Preferred option(s) (this is the long-term direction for AIDC marking)	First preference: GS1-128 symbology. After Jan 2010, GS1 DataBar is permitted for use on all trade items and therefore may be encountered in general distribution however use of GS1-128 is preferred as the scanners in the field today pervasively support it. Second preference: When one linear symbol cannot accommodate the field length of the data (exceeds 48 characters), two symbols should be used. Third option: Where the package or label size does not permit the use of the first two options, GS1 DataMatrix symbology are permitted but should be avoided wherever possible if the package could be scanned by a mounted conveyorised scanner.
Option in addition to the	See the “data carrier specification carrier choices” recommendations on options in addition to the barcode at the end of section 2.1.5.
barcode
Other acceptable options (GS1	See the “data carrier specification carrier choices” recommendations on other acceptable options found at the end of section 2.1.5.
strongly supports existing
options for symbol marking as
a guiding principle and
therefore supports all
previous AIDC marking
specifications)

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For multi-sector use except for retail or regulated healthcare trade items see section 5.12.3.2, GS1 symbol specification table 2.

For regulated healthcare non-retail consumer trade items see section 5.12.3.8, GS1 symbol specification table 8. For manufacturing and MRO processes see 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4. When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.7.2 Trade item groupings of identical trade items

Application description A trade item grouping that is a predefined grouping of identical trade items. The manufacturer or supplier has the option of either assigning a unique GTIN-13 or GTIN-12 to each trade item grouping or assigning a unique GTIN-14. These 14-digit GTINs incorporate the GTIN (less its check digit) of the trade item contained in each grouping. The check digit for each GTIN-14 is then recalculated.

The indicators have no meaning. The digits do not have to be used in sequential order, and some may not be used at all. The GTIN-14 structure for trade item groupings creates extra numbering capacity.

Table 2-16 GTIN-14 data structures

Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)
Indicator	Indicator	GTIN of contained trade items	Check
(without check digit)	digit
N1	0 0 0 0 0 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13	N14
N1	0 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13	N14
N1	N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13	N14

GTIN-8 based GTIN-12 based GTIN-13 based The indicator is a digit with a value of 1 to 8. It is assigned as required by the company that constructs the identification number. It can provide up to eight separate GTIN-14s to identify trade item groupings.

The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, usually carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed.

Table 2-17 Different groupings of the same trade item

Indicator	GTIN of trade item	New check digit	Description	Quantity
contained in the grouping,
less its check digit
061414112345	2	Trade item	Single
1	061414112345	9	Trade item grouping	A grouping
…	…	…	…	…
8	061414112345	8	Trade item grouping	Another grouping
Indicators 1 to 8 may be used to create new GTIN-14s. When these eight indicators have been used, further groupings must be identified with either a GTIN-13 or GTIN-12. Indicator digit 9 is reserved for variable measure trade items, see section 2.1.10.

For packaging configuration hierarchies that include a retail consumer trade item identified with a GTIN-13, GTIN-12, or GTIN-8, this GTIN must always be one of the relevant levels of packaging contained, usually the lowest level (see note below related to GTIN-14 assignment on the primary packaging). Restricted Circulation Numbers must not be used in this element string.

Note: For regulated healthcare trade items on the primary packaging, the phrase “usually the lowest level” SHALL be interpreted as allowing for the use of GTIN-14 on packaging configurations below the retail consumer trade item level, if one exists. This interpretation may not be applied to other trade item categories such as Do It Yourself (DIY) or Foodservice.

Any product package which will encounter scanning or product listing for sale at point-of-sale SHALL be identified according to retail point-of-sale specifications. When a GTIN change at the retail consumer trade item level is required, the GTIN change must be made at all configuration levels above the retail consumer trade item level. Where there is an association between primary packaging and retail consumer trade item levels and GTIN-14 assignment is used on the primary packaging, the GTIN-14 assigned to the primary packaging is based on the retail level GTIN. There are three scenarios to consider for the relationship of these GTIN assignments:

If changes to the primary packaging drive the change of the GTIN assigned to the retail consumer trade item level, the GTIN of the primary packaging will change. - If changes to retail consumer trade item level GTIN are not caused by a change in primary packaging, the GTIN at the primary package level may or may not change per the discretion of the brand owner.
If additional retail level package(s) are introduced beyond the original retail package or replace the original retail package, the GTIN-14 on the primary packaging may remain tied to the original retail level GTIN. GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are:

GTIN-12

GTIN-13
GTIN-14
Note: Product groupings created prior to 2023 may be identified with a GTIN-8. Starting on 1

January 2023, GTIN-8 SHALL NOT be used for application. Rules All the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required For regulated healthcare non-retail consumer trade items the following levels of AIDC marking are specified:

Table 2-18 Required attributes

AIDC marking level for	Key	Batch/lot	Expiration	Serial	Other
regulated healthcare	number -	date – AI	number – AI
trade items	AI (10)	(17)	(21)
Minimum	GTIN-12, GTIN- 13, or GTIN-14	No	No	No	None
Enhanced	GTIN-12, GTIN- 13, or GTIN-14	Yes	Yes	No	None
Highest – Brand owner AIDC marking	GTIN-12, GTIN- 13, or GTIN-14	Yes	Yes	Yes	Potency AI (7004) for pharmaceutical, and for medical device kits with pharmaceutical (cases only for both situations)
Highest – Hospital AIDC marking of pharmaceutical	GTIN-12, GTIN- 13, or GTIN-14	No	AI (7003) for short- life products	Yes	None
Hospital AIDC marking of medical devices	No	No	No	No	None

To manage healthcare data requirements within EPC/RFID tags, see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS). Optional Not applicable Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices General For multi-sector use symbols from the EAN/UPC symbology family (UPC-A, UPC-E and EAN-13)

may be used to encode the GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 of the trade item grouping.

ITF-14 symbols may be used on trade item groupings where printing conditions require the

application of a less demanding symbology. ITF-14 symbols can encode the GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 of the item. A GS1-128 barcode or GS1 DataBar barcode with GS1 Application Identifier (01) may be used to
encode a GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 that identifies the trade item if the printing conditions allow. The choice of one of these symbologies is particularly relevant if there is a need to encode attribute information in addition to the identification number. Some scanning systems may be able to handle 2D barcodes as well as linear barcodes. In these environments, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code may be used in addition to linear symbols. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15.

GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code

In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:

Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When EPC/RFID is used as an additional data carrier, the SGTIN EPC, corresponding to a compound key of AI (01) and AI (21), must be used. When the associated barcode carries AI (21), it SHALL encode the same, brand-owner assigned Serial Number used to encode the Serial Number component of the SGTIN EPC on the EPC/RFID tag, taking care not to change any characters and neither add nor remove any leading zeros.

Healthcare For healthcare the carrier selections noted at the end of section 2.1.7.1 take precedence over the carrier choices above and apply to all regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For multi-sector use other than regulated healthcare trade items see section 5.12.3.2, GS1 symbol specification table 2.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.7.3 Trade item groupings of mixed trade items

Application description A trade item grouping that is a predefined grouping of two or more different trade items. For example: Product C is a grouping of Product A (GTIN ‘A’) and Product B (GTIN ‘B’), and is identified with

either a GTIN-12 or GTIN-13, GTIN ‘C.’

GTIN ‘C’ could then be used to construct a GTIN-14 for a trade item grouping comprised of Product

As shown in Table 2-19, the GTIN-12s 614141234561 and 614141345670 identify the two trade items in the trade item assortment/bundle identified by the GTIN 614141456789.

Table 2-19 Example of trade item grouping of mixed trade items

Indicator	GTIN of trade item less	Check digit	Description	Quantity
its check digit
061414123456 061414134567	1 0	Retail consumer trade item (Product A) Retail consumer trade item (Product B)	Single Single
061414145678	9	Retail consumer trade item (Product C)	Trade item assortment/bundle
1	061414145678	6	Trade item grouping	A grouping of the trade item assortment/bundle
…	…	…	…	…
8	061414145678	5	Trade item grouping	Another grouping of the trade item assortment/bundle
The indicators 1 to 8 may be used to create new GTIN-14s. When these eight indicators have been used, further groupings must be identified with either a GTIN-13 or GTIN-12. Indicator digit 9 is reserved for variable measure trade items, see section 2.1.10.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-12

GTIN-13
GTIN-14
Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4; in addition, the GTIN-14 is valid for trade item groupings only when the trade item contained is a trade item assortment/bundle of two or more different trade items.

Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices General Symbols from the EAN/UPC symbology family (UPC-A, UPC-E and EAN-13) may be used to

encode the GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 of the trade item grouping.

ITF-14 symbols may be used on trade item groupings where printing conditions require the

application of a less demanding symbology. ITF-14 symbols can encode the GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 of the item. A GS1-128 barcode or GS1 DataBar barcode with GS1 Application Identifier (01) may be used to
encode a GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 that identifies the trade item if the printing conditions allow. The choice of one of these symbologies is particularly relevant if there is a need to encode attribute information in addition to the identification number. Some scanning systems may be able to handle 2D barcodes as well as linear barcodes. In these environments, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code may be used in addition to linear barcodes. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15.

GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code

In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:

Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

Healthcare For healthcare, the carrier selections noted at the end of section 2.1.7.1 take precedence over the carrier choices above and apply to all regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For multi-sector use other than regulated healthcare trade items see section 5.12.3.2, GS1 symbol specification table 2.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.8 Medical devices (non-retail trade items)

Application description Within this application are the rules and recommendations for the direct part marking (DPM) of medical devices for the Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) management, including medical devices that are reprocessed (within the micro-logistics cycle of use, including cleaning and sterilisation).

Medical devices SHOULD be identified with GTIN and any appropriate GS1 Application Identifiers used for production control, as determined by the responsible entity for the device. For medical devices that are reprocessed, GTIN and serial number are recommended for manufacturers that use DPM to enable traceability throughout the product life cycle.

Also, for hospitals or instrument owners that mark medical devices that are reprocessed, GTIN and serial number are recommended for all hospital/instrument owner marking. Some existing in-house legacy systems already use GS1 asset identifiers (GIAI or GRAI, see section 2.3), which are compliant with GS1 standards.

Note: Only one GS1 key (GTIN or GIAI/GRAI) SHOULD be marked on a single instrument. GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-12

GTIN-13
GTIN-14
GRAI
GIAI
Rules

All the GTIN rules described in section 4.

All the GIAI and GRAI application rules described in section 4.4.
If the AIDC marking on the medical device may be seen and scanned when placed in the
protective packaging after sterilisation, the protective packaging will not have to be AIDC marked. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional When using GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14 to identify a medical device that is reprocessed, a serial number is recommended to complete the identification. To manage GS1 healthcare data requirements within EPC/RFID tags, see section 3.11 and the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS).

Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices Medical devices (non-retail trade items), when direct marked, SHALL be marked with GS1 DataMatrix symbology. See section 2.6.14 for more details.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.7, GS1 symbol specification table 7. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.9 Fixed measure trade items packed in several individual pieces not scanned at

retail POS Application description The trade item includes two or more pieces that are marked for non-POS scanning purposes such as inventory management, theft prevention, or quality control. The identifier of each individual piece consists of the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) of the trade item, the piece number and the total count of pieces in the trade item. The GTIN on all pieces of the trade item must be the same.

GS1 key Required The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is the GS1 identification key used to identify trade items. For the identification of pieces of a trade item, additional information is provided with a piece number and the total number of pieces. See section 3.2, Identification of an individual trade item piece: AI (8006).

Rules AI (8006) SHALL NOT be used for the identification of a single trade item piece.

AI (8006) SHALL NOT be used for the identification of pieces that are themselves trade items,
such as spare parts.

The value of AI (8006) of all pieces of a trade item SHALL contain the same GTIN, the same

total number of pieces and a different piece number.

When the pieces of a trade item are packaged together, the value of the GTIN marked on the

package SHALL be the same as the GTIN marked on the contained physical units.

For trade items that pass the point-of-sale, all of the pieces of the trade item SHALL be

packaged or presented together and identified with the GTIN.

Also see the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required Not applicable. Optional See section 3 for an overview of all GS1 Application Identifiers and their intended usage.

Rules See section 4.13 Data relationships. If used, optional AIs on all pieces of a trade item and on the trade item itself SHALL be identical. Data carrier specification Carrier choices General For multi-sector use except for regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items, data carriers used to represent each individual piece using the GS1 Application Identifier AI (8006) are:

GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code

In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:

Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When EPC/RFID is used as an additional data carrier, the ITIP EPC, corresponding to a compound key of AI (8006) and AI (21), must be used. When the associated barcode carries AI (21), this SHALL encode the same, brand-owner assigned serial number used to encode the serial number component of the ITIP EPC on the EPC/RFID tag, taking care not to change any characters and neither add nor remove any leading zeros (see section 4.15.1).

Healthcare: For healthcare, the following carrier selections take precedence over the carrier choices above and apply to all regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items.

Table 2-20 Healthcare carrier choices

Preferred option	GS1-128 symbology
Option in addition to the	See the recommendations on "Options in addition to the barcode" at the end of section 2.1.5
barcode

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.2, GS1 symbol specification table 2 and 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4. When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.10 Variable measure trade items scanned in general distribution

Application description Trade items may be of variable measure either because the production process does not guarantee consistency in weight, size, or length (e.g., carcasses of meat, whole cheeses) or because the items are created to meet a special order that states a quantity (e.g., textiles ordered by the metre, glass ordered by the square metre).

Only trade items that are sold, ordered, or produced in quantities that can vary continuously, are covered by the rules outlined in this section. Trade items that are sold in discrete and predefined bands (e.g., as a nominal weight) are treated as fixed measure trade items.

A trade item must be considered a variable measure trade item if its measure is variable at any point in the supply chain. For example, a supplier may sell and invoice chickens in cases of 15 kilograms each; therefore, the quantity of contained chickens will vary. The customer, a retailer in this example, may need to know the exact number of chickens contained in each case in order to organise the distribution to his stores. In this example, the supplier should source mark the trade item by using a variable measure Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) and the variable count element string.

Variable measure trade items scanned in general distribution are identified with a GTIN-14 beginning with ‘9’. The digit 9 in the indicator position indicates that the item identified is a variable measure trade item that is not scanned at POS.

Note: See section 2.6.8 for the GTIN-14 beginning with a '9' in combination with AI (242) Made-to-Order variation number and its use in the manufacturing and maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) environment.

Unlike GTIN-14s beginning with indicator 1 to 8 which are used to identify fixed measure trade items (see section 2.1.7.2 Trade item groupings of identical trade items), this GTIN-14 is not derived from the GTIN (without check digit) of the contained trade items. The GTIN-14 must be processed in its entirety and not broken down into its constituent elements.

Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)
Indicator	Indicator	GS1 Company Prefix	Item reference	Check digit	Check digit
─────────────›	‹─────────────
9	N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13	N14

(GTIN-14) The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, usually carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed. Any trade item of a given composition where the quantity/measure information cannot be pre- determined for any reason is a variable measure trade item. The most frequent types are shown in Table 2-21.

Table 2-21 Main types of variable measure trade items

Type	Item description
A	Items traded in bulk, neither portioned nor pre-packed for retail sale, ordered in any quantity, and that are delivered as variable measure trade items (e.g., fish, fruit, vegetables, cables, carpets, timber, fabrics) The identification number denotes the item as a trade entity containing any quantity of the given product and, if applicable, the form of packaging. Weight or dimensions complete the identification of the individual unit.
B	Trade items ordered and delivered by piece (wrapped or unwrapped) and invoiced by weight or measure because weight or measure varies due to the nature of the product or due to the manufacturing process (e.g., whole cheese, sides of bacon, beef carcasses, fish, sausages, ham, chicken, cauliflower, motion picture films) The identification number denotes the item as a particular predefined entity and, if applicable, denotes the form of packaging. Price or weight or dimensions complete the identification of the individual item.
C	Portioned trade items, pre-packed for sale by weight to the consumer, not fixed in quantity. (e.g., meat, cheese, vegetables, fruit, fillets of fish, sliced poultry, cold cuts) The identification number denotes the item type according to business practice and the form in which it is packed. Price weight or dimension completes the identification of the individual unit.
D	Trade items with selectable dimensions where GS1 system standard numbering does not make sense to cover the multiplicity of all variations (e.g., wooden planks, carpeting) The identification number denotes the predefined basic trade item. The applicable dimension(s) completes the identification of the individual unit.
E	Composition of a fixed number of trade items that are Type B or Type C (e.g., a trade item containing 10 chickens (Type B).) The identification number denotes the trade item grouping as an entity and, if applicable, its form of packaging. The total weight of all items contained completes the identification of the particular trade item.
F	Trade items made to customer specifications, restricted in use to the Maintenance, Repairs and Operations industrial supply sector, and sold business-to-business. The identification number denotes a base custom item. The specific variation is identified by the Made-to-Order variation number. (See in section 3.2 for the list of all GS1 Application Identifiers).

GS1 key Required GTIN-14 with indicator digit 9. Rules The GTIN-14 with the indicator 9 is used to identify a variable measure trade item. The presence of the variable measure information is mandatory for the complete identification of a variable measure trade item. The digit 9 in the first position is an integral part of the GTIN.

The GTIN-14 data structure beginning with indicator 9 is not used on an item intended to cross the retail point-of-sale. Numbering of variable measure fresh food trade items intended to cross retail point-of-sale is defined in section 2.1.12.

Attributes Required The GTIN-14 identifies a variable measure trade item with respect to its fixed attributes or characteristics. To complete the identification of a variable measure trade item, the presence of an element string representing a trade measure is mandatory.

Optional Applicable trade measures depend on the nature of the product. They may be a quantity, a weight, or any dimension. An element string with GS1 Application Identifier (30) is used if the variable measure of the

trade item is the number of items contained. In order to generate a short barcode, always enter an even number of digits in the data field “variable count of items” by inserting a leading zero if necessary. Concatenation of this element string with the GTIN of the item enhances the accuracy of the application. See section 3.6.1, Variable count of items: AI (30).

An element string with GS1 Application Identifiers (31nn), (32nn), (35nn) and (36nn) is used if

the variable measure of the respective trade item is weight, dimension, area, or volume. Only one element string of a given unit of measure may be applied on a particular item. Several element strings containing trade measures are possible on a particular item if the item is available in either unit of measure and if the applicable unit of measure is not distinguished for ordering and billing. This might apply if weight must be expressed in kilograms and pounds, see section 3.2, Trade measures: AIs (31nn), (32nn), (35nn), (36nn).

An element string with GS1 Application Identifier (8001) contains the predefined variable fields

of a roll product and it may be used for those variable roll products where the trade measures

AI (31nn), (32nn), (35nn), (36nn) are not sufficient. The GTIN-14 can denote a basic roll product. Rules An element string with GS1 Application Identifier (30) SHOULD never be used to indicate the quantity contained in a fixed measure trade item. However, if it appears on a fixed measure trade item, it SHOULD NOT invalidate the trade item identification.

An element string with GS1 Application Identifier (8001) must never be used together with other element strings representing trade measures. Data carrier specification Carrier choices Variable measure trade items not crossing a point-of-sale SHOULD be marked with an ITF-14 barcode, GS1-128 barcode or GS1 DataBar barcode.

Some scanning systems may be able to handle 2D barcodes as well as linear barcodes. In these environments, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code may be used in addition to linear symbols. For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.2, GS1 symbol specification table 2. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7. Examples of variable measure trade item numbering and symbols In the examples in the subsections that follow, the following factors apply:

In order to be illustrative, all examples show the same presentation (e.g., price list, order,

delivery, invoice and recording in a data file).

GS1-128 barcodes are used.

The examples are given to demonstrate the correct use of a given GS1 Application Identifier
when used. When AI (02) is not used, information about the shipment must be received using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) or other means prior to its physical receipt. Example 1: Traded by piece The following example shows the order and delivery of an item traded by piece and invoiced by weight.

The supplier’s catalogue contains one entry: one salami weighing ~ 500 grams.

The order for 100 units is delivered in three boxes. Each box is marked with an SSCC (Serial
Shipping Container Code) and, optionally, with information on the content of the box, expressed as follows: AI (02) indicates the variable measure Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) of the units
contained within the box.

AI (3101) indicates the total weight of the items contained within the box.

AI (37) indicates the count of items contained within the box.
The three boxes may be stored on a pallet that may itself be marked with an SSCC and,
optionally, with information on the contents of the pallet, expressed as follows:

AI (02) indicates the variable measure GTIN of the units contained within the pallet.

AI (3101) indicates the total weight of the items contained within the pallet.
AI (37) indicates the count of items contained within the pallet.
The invoice refers to the GTIN and quantity delivered and shows the total weight and the price
per kilogram. The GTIN and quantity of the invoice match the GTIN and quantity of the order.

Table 2-22 Example 1: Traded by piece, invoiced by weight

Process	Description	Element strings used/symbol marking of the items
Supplier’s catalogue	1 Salami ~ 500 g	GTIN 97612345000018
Order	100 salamis	100 x 97612345000018
Delivery	three logistic units Unit 1 = 33 salamis, 16.7 kg Unit 2 = 33 salamis, 16.9 kg Unit 3 = 34 salamis, 17.1 kg	Unit 1: 00 376123450000010008 02 97612345000018 3101 000167 37 33 Unit 2: 00 376123450000010015 02 97612345000018 3101 000169 37 33 Unit 3: 00 376123450000010022 02 97612345000018 3101 000171 37 34
If delivery is made on a pallet	Pallet: 00 376123450000010039 02 97612345000018 3101 000507 37 0100
Invoice	GTIN of items and the total weight (50.7 kg) + the price per kg	100 x 97612345000018; 50.7 kg x price per kg

Data file logistic units	Identification of logistic unit (SSCC)	GTIN of contained trade items	Total trade	Number of
weight of	units
content (grams)	contained
Either pallet	376123450000010039	97612345000018	50700	100
or individual units	376123450000010008	97612345000018	16700	33
376123450000010015	97612345000018	16900	33
376123450000010022	97612345000018	17100	34

Data file trade items	GTIN of trade item	Total trade weight	Number of trade items
(grams)
One record per identification number	97612345000018	50700	100

An element string with an GS1 Application Identifier (410) represents the Global Location Number (GLN) of the recipient of a logistic unit. The GLN refers to the address where a particular transport unit identified with an SSCC is to be delivered. This element string is used in single leg transport operations. A logistic unit may include a barcode carrying the GLN of the unit’s intended destination.

When scanning this element string, the data transmitted may be used to retrieve the related address and/or to sort the item by destination. Example 2: Traded by trade item grouping The following example shows the order and delivery of an item traded by trade item grouping and invoiced by weight.

The supplier’s catalogue contains one entry: one case of 20 steaks weighing ~ 200 grams each.

The order is for three cases. Each case delivered is marked with the Global Trade Item Number
(GTIN) of a single case followed by the actual weight of the items contained.

The three cases may be stored on a pallet that may itself be marked with an SSCC (Serial

Shipping Container Code) and, optionally, with information on the contents of the pallet, expressed as follows: AI (02) indicates the variable measure GTIN of the units contained within the pallet.
AI (3102) indicates the total weight of the items contained within the pallet.
AI (37) indicates the count of cases contained within the pallet.
The invoice refers to the GTIN and quantity delivered and shows the total weight and the price
per kilogram. The GTIN and quantity of the invoice match the GTIN and quantity of the order.

Table 2-23 Example 2: Traded by trade item grouping, invoiced by weight

Process	Description	Element strings used/symbol marking of the items
Supplier’s catalogue	1 case of 20 steaks ~ 200 g vacuum packed	GTIN 97612345000117
Order	Three cases	3 x 97612345000117
Delivery	Three trade items Unit 1: weight = 4.150 kg Unit 2: weight = 4.070 kg Unit 3: weight = 3.980 kg	Unit 1: 01 97612345000117 3102 000415 Unit 2: 01 97612345000117 3102 000407 Unit 3: 01 97612345000117 3102 000398
If delivery is made on a pallet	Pallet: 00 376123450000010091 02 97612345000117 3102 001220 37 03
Invoice	GTIN of items and the total weight (12.20 kg) + the price per kg	3 x 97612345000117; 12.2 kg x price per kg

Data file logistic units	Identification of logistic unit (SSCC)	GTIN of contained trade items	Total trade	Number of
weight of	units
content (grams)	contained
Pallet	376123450000010091	97612345000117	12200	3

Data file trade items	GTIN of trade item	Total trade weight	Number of trade items
One Record	97612345000117	12200	3

Example 3: Traded in bulk The following example shows an order and delivery of an item traded in bulk. The supplier’s catalogue contains one entry: cabbage unwrapped sold in bulk by kilogram.

The order is for 100 kilograms. It is delivered in two cases. Each case is marked with the Global
Trade Item Number (GTIN) of the cabbage followed by the actual weight of the items contained.

The two cases may be stored on a pallet that may itself be marked with an SSCC (Serial

Shipping Container Code).

The invoice refers to the GTIN as ordered and shows the total weight and the price per

kilogram. The delivered weight may be verified as being close to the ordered quantity.

Table 2-24 Example 3: Traded in bulk

Process	Description	Element strings used/symbol marking of the items
Supplier’s catalogue	Cabbage unwrapped sold in bulk by kilogram	GTIN 97612345000049
Order	100 kg of cabbage	100 kg x 97612345000049
Delivery	Two trade items Unit 1: weight = 42.7 kg Unit 2: weight = 57.6 kg	Unit 1: 01 97612345000049 3101 000427 Unit 2: 01 97612345000049 3101 000576
If delivery is made on a pallet	Pallet: 00 376123450000010107
Invoice	GTIN of item and the total weight (100.3 kg) + the price per kg	97612345000049 100.3 kg x price per kg

Data file logistic units	Identification of logistic unit (SSCC)	GTIN of contained trade items	Total trade	Number of
weight of	units
content (grams)	contained
Pallet	376123450000010107	97612345000049 97612345000049	42700 57600	1 1

Data file trade items	GTIN of trade item	Total trade weight	Number of trade items
(grams)
One record per trade item	97612345000049 97612345000049	42700 57600	1 1

Example 4: Traded by trade item grouping The following example shows an order of variable measure trade items by case that are invoiced by the number of pieces delivered. The supplier’s catalogue contains one entry: one case of ~ 10 cabbages sold by piece.

The order is for two cases. Each case delivered is marked with the Global Trade Item Number
(GTIN) of a single case followed by the actual count of the items contained.

The two cases may be stored on a pallet that may itself be marked with an SSCC (Serial

Shipping Container Code) and, optionally, with information on the contents of the pallet, expressed as follows: AI (02) indicates the variable measure GTIN of the units contained within the pallet.
AI (30) indicates the total count of the items contained within the pallet.
AI (37) indicates the count of cases contained within the pallet.
The invoice refers to the GTIN as ordered and delivered and the total count of items.
Table 2-25 Example 4: Traded by trade item grouping, invoiced by piece

Process	Description	Element strings used/symbol marking of the items
Supplier’s catalogue	Case containing ~10 cabbages sold by pieces	GTIN 97612345000285
Order	Two cases	2 x 97612345000285
Delivery	Unit 1: 11 pieces Unit 2: 12 pieces	Unit 1: 01 97612345000285 30 11 Unit 2: 01 97612345000285 30 12
If delivery is made on a pallet	Pallet: 00 376123450000010138 02 97612345000285 30 23 37 02
Invoice	GTIN of the trade item and the total quantity	2 x 97612345000285 23 pieces x price per piece

Data file logistic units	Identification of logistic unit (SSCC)	GTIN of contained trade items	Total number of	Number of units contained
pieces
contained in the
trade item
Pallet	376123450000010138	97612345000285	23	2

Data file trade items	GTIN of trade item	Total number of	Number of trade items
pieces
One Record	97612345000285	23	2

Example 5: Traded in bulk The following example shows a product that can be purchased from a supplier or sold to a customer by any length in metres. The supplier’s catalogue contains one entry: cable T49 sold in metres.

The order is for one length of cable of 150 metres. The delivered package is marked with the
Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) of the cable followed by the actual length of cable contained.

The invoice refers to the GTIN as ordered and delivered and the total length.

Table 2-26 Example 5: Traded in bulk

Process	Description	Element strings used/symbol marking of the items
Supplier’s catalogue	Cable T49 sold in any length in MTR	GTIN 97612345000063
Order	One trade item of 150 MTR	97612345000063 x 150 MTR
Delivery	One trade item, 150 MTR	01 97612345000063 3110 000150
Invoice	GTIN of the trade item and the total quantity	1 x 97612345000063 150 x price per MTR

Data file trade items	GTIN of trade item	Total trade length (metres)
One record	97612345000063	150

2.1.11 Fixed measure trade items – restricted distribution applications

This section describes applications where the item identification is defined only in a closed environment. However, within their closed environment these items may be processed along with trade items identified with Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) defined for open trade.

These identification numbers are known as Restricted Circulation Numbers (RCNs) and may be 8, 12 or 13 digits in length. Eight-digit numbers are known as RCN-8s, 12-digit numbers as RCN-12s and 13-digit numbers as RCN-13s.

The regulations established by GS1 Member Organisations for their country or assigned area should be observed for the allocation of these Restricted Circulation Numbers: When assigned to company internal use, the structure and management of the numbers

represented in the element strings of this section are the responsibility of the user. Number changes and reuse of expired numbers must be managed by the user based on their requirements. When centrally administrated within a geographic area, the GS1 Member Organisation
determines the structure and manages number allocation based on user requirements.

Restricted circulation fixed measure trade items are defined only in a closed environment. Therefore, the distribution of trade items marked in this way is restricted to a given geographic region or for use within a company. These items are either marked in the store by the retailer or are marked at the source by the supplier.

GS1 Member Organisations may assign one or several of the GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 through 29 for the identification of fixed measure trade items with RCN-13s or RCN-12s for use within a given geographic region or for use within a company.

Restricted Circulation Numbers (RCNs) SHALL only be encoded in EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A, or UPC-E symbols. RCNs SHALL NOT be encoded using any Application Identifiers.

2.1.11.1 Company internal numbering – RCN-8 Prefix 0 or 2

Application description This element string uses an RCN-8 Prefix of 0 or 2. It provides two million identification numbers, which can be assigned for internal use in a company. When the RCN-8 Prefix is 0, the element string is sometimes called a velocity code because it is quicker to key enter.

This element string is for internal use in a company. The numbers are assigned by individual companies and do not provide unique identification if they leave the company premises.

Table 2-27 Data structure RCN-8 Prefix 0 or 2

RCN-8 Prefix	Item reference	Check digit
N1	N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7	N8

The RCN-8 Prefixes 0 or 2 are system identifiers that show that the item identification number is under the sole control of the assigning company and that it is for internal item distribution.

The item reference is allocated by the company that uses the element string. The positions N2 to N7 may contain any digit. The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed.

The data transmitted from the barcode reader means that one fixed measure trade item with a GTIN-8 has been captured. Note: In addition to trade item identification, this element string may be used for any purpose that is supported by the company's equipment supplier.

Note: In some environments where numbers may have to be key entered, the EAN-8 barcode carrying RCN-8s (and the RCN-8 Prefix 0) may be confused with the numbers carried by a UPC-E barcode. If such a risk exists, it is preferable to use the RCN-8 Prefix 2 capacity for internal use.

GS1 key Not applicable Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices EAN-8 (carrying a RCN-8)

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.1.11.2 Company internal numbering – RCN-13 GS1 Prefix 04 (RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 4)

Application description Any company in the world may use this element string for company internal trade item numbering. If the RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 4 is being applied, the user company may structure the trade item number.

Although this element string is mainly used for the identification of trade items, it may be used for any purpose as long as it is kept within a restricted environment. This element string is for a company’s internal use. Because any company may use this element string, it does not provide unique identification of a trade item if it leaves the company’s premises.

Table 2-28 Data structure RCN-13 Prefix 04

GS1 Prefix	Item reference	Check digit
0 4	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13

The GS1 Prefix 04 is a system identifier showing that the identification number is under the sole control of the assigning company and that it is for internal trade item distribution.

The item reference is assigned by the company that uses the element string. Positions N3 to N12 may contain any digit. The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed.

The data transmitted from the barcode reader means that one fixed measure trade item with a RCN- 13 or RCN-12 has been captured. GS1 key Not applicable Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices EAN-13 (carrying RCN-13)

UPC-A (carrying RCN-12)
Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.1.11.3 Company internal numbering – RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 0 (LAC and RZSC)

Application description The U.P.C. Company Prefix 0 includes a reserved capacity for company internal numbering, using Local Assigned Codes (LACs) or Retailer Zero-Suppression Codes (RZSCs), which are carried by a UPC-E barcode. U.P.C. Company Prefixes 000000 and 001000 to 007999 are used in this feature.

For details, see the figure below. Although this element string is mainly used for the identification of trade items in restricted distribution, it may be used for any purpose as long as it is kept within a restricted environment.

This element string is for a company’s internal use. Because any company may use this element string, it does not provide unique identification of a trade item if it leaves the company’s premises.

GTIN-12 Identification Number of Trade Item	Check Digit	Represented in UPC-E Symbol Positions 1 2 3 4 5 6
N N N N N N N N N N N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11	N 12
(0) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 (0) 0 0 7 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 LAC version = 35000 UPC-E Bar Code Applications	2 7	0 1 0 0 0 '5' 0 7 9 9 9 '9'
(0) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (0) 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 RZSC version = 4500 UPC-E Bar Code Applications	4 2	0 1 1 0 0 '0' 0 5 9 9 9 '0'
(0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 Velocity version = 1000 UPC-E Bar Code Applications	0 7	0 0 0 0 0 '0' 0 0 9 9 9 '0'

Figure 2-1 UPC-E barcode option for the identification of GTINs for company internal distribution

In Figure 2-1, each number position must only contain the digits shown in the upper and lower lines of each section and those in-between. On decoding, the extension to full length is determined by the value of the number in single quotes in the column represented in UPC-E barcode positions.

The check digit applies to the entire length of the RCN-12. In the UPC-E barcode, it is implicitly represented by the parity combination of the six symbol characters that are actually encoded. The check digit and how to calculate it is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the number is correctly composed GS1 key Not applicable Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices UPC-E (carrying RCN-12 with GS1 Prefix 00 and digits 01 to 07 in the next two positions).

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements It is possible to create a false UPC-E barcode if the encodation rules are not properly observed.

Whether the digits represented in a UPC-E barcode can be expanded correctly to an RCN-12 may be verified by the tests shown in section 7.10.

2.1.11.4 GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 to 29 - Restricted distribution

Application description The GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 to 29 are reserved for identification purposes within a restricted geographic area. Each GS1 Member Organisation is entitled to assign the prefixes to be used for these element strings in its country or assigned area:

for the identification of variable measure trade items or fixed measure trade items.

for internal numbering of variable measure trade items or fixed measure trade items by a
particular company.

Note: Suppliers manufacturing their own label products for several different customers should use unique GS1 system numbering to distinguish their customers. If this is not done, the supplier will not be able to use Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) or electronic catalogues.

Although this element string is mainly used for the identification of trade items, it may be used for any purpose as long as it is kept within a restricted environment. This element string is for use within a GS1 Member Organisation's geographic region. The GS1 Member Organisation may assign a company a GS1 Prefix for use externally throughout a region or may assign the prefix for use internally within a region. The numbers are never unique if they leave the region and, if assigned for a company’s internal use, are not unique if they leave the company or region.

GS1 Prefix	Item reference	Check digit
0 2	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13
2 N2	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13

The GS1 Prefix must be in the series 02, 20 to 29. A particular prefix may be assigned either for use on fixed measure trade items for restricted distribution or for variable measure trade items (see section 2.1.12).

See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.1.12 Variable measure trade items scanned at retail POS

This section describes applications for variable measure trade items that are scanned at retail point- of-sale. Two main applications exist: Variable measure fresh food trade items using a GTIN and additional attributes encoded with GS1

DataBar Expanded or GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked. See section 2.1.12.1. During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.4. GTINs SHALL be encoded with AI (01).

Variable measure trade items using a Restricted Circulation Number (RCN) SHALL be encoded in

EAN/UPC barcodes. See section 2.1.12.2.

For information on how to manage multiple barcodes see section 4.15.

2.1.12.1 Variable measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN

Application description Like a fixed measure trade item, a variable measure trade item is an entity with predefined characteristics, such as the nature of the product or its contents. Unlike a fixed measure trade item, a variable measure trade item has one measure that varies continuously while other characteristics remain the same. In the case of fresh food trade items variable measure may be weight, length, number of items contained, or volume. There are different ways to handle the process for variable measure fresh food. For example:

Consumer puts loose produce items into a bag and a barcoded label is produced and attached

by the consumer.

Staff attaches a barcode label, produced in store to pre-packed loose produce trade item.

At the POS, loose produce is weighed and the price is calculated.
It is at the discretion of the retailer how the price is calculated and which process is chosen.

Variable measure fresh food Variable measure loose produce trade items are trade items which may be identified with a GTIN and additional data. The retailer decides how to handle Variable measure fresh food trade items sold at POS. Generally, the individual item(s) (i.e. loose produce) are put into a bag by the customer or by staff and are scanned (if a label is generated in store) or weighed at POS to generate the price.

The attributes of variable measure trade items are barcoded when the trade item is weighed or measured in store. If the variable measure trade item is weighed at POS when presented to the cashier the price is generated in the register and directly added to the other products to complete the transaction.

Variable measure pre-packed fresh food trade items These are Variable measure fresh foods trade items, either loose produce or cut from a bulk item, that are pre-packaged with differing weight or other variable measure using GTIN and attributes.

The label put on the trade item encoding GTIN plus variable measure information and/or price is determined by the retailer. GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are:

GTIN-12

GTIN-13
Rules

All GTIN rules described in section 4.2. Attributes Required See section 3.6.1 and 3.6.2, a variable count or a trade measure (AIs (30), (31nn), (32nn), (35nn), (36nn)) Optional See section 3.2 - GS1 Application Identifiers in numerical order for a complete list of all GS1

Application Identifiers. For instance, the amount payable and/or best before date may also be included. For more details related to GS1 Application Identifiers for fresh foods, refer to the GS1 AIDC
Fresh Foods Sold at Point-of-Sale Implementation Guideline.

Rules Not applicable. Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1 DataBar Expanded

GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
Note: During a transition period, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, 2D barcodes, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.4.

Note: GS1 data carriers using AIs encode a 14-digit numeric string. When encoding GTIN-13 or GTIN-12 after AI (01), zero-fill with one or two zeroes to the left of the GTIN. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement None Unique application processing requirements None

2.1.12.2 Variable measure trade items scanned at retail POS using RCN

Application description Restricted circulation variable measure trade items are those sold in random quantity against a fixed price per unit quantity and intended to cross a point-of-sale (e.g., apples sold at a fixed price per kilogram). These items are either marked in the store by the retailer or are marked at the source by the supplier. National solutions are available for this purpose.

GS1 Member Organisations SHOULD assign one or several of the GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 through 29 for the identification of variable measure trade items in their territory. GS1 Member Organisations SHOULD make part of this capacity available to user companies for company internal applications.

The data fields available after the relevant GS1 Prefix (defined by the GS1 Member Organisation for their territory) can be structured in a variety of ways to represent the product type, net weight, calculated price, or number of units. Equipment is commercially available for automatically weighing items, calculating an item price from the unit price and printing the information as a barcode label.

The scanning equipment and applications can then be programmed to use the prefix as an instruction to decode the ensuing data fields according to the particular structure adopted. The first row in the table below shows the structure specified by GS1 US for North America. The same structure is used by many other GS1 Member Organisations. The next two rows do not show predetermined structures. Examples of recommended structures are given in the Figure 2-2. GS1 Member Organisations choose appropriate structures for use within their geographic area.

GS1 Prefix	Item reference	Price verifier	Item price	Check digit
digit
0 2	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7	N8	N9 N10 N11 N12	N13
0 2	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13
2 N2	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13

The item reference is usually assigned by the company that scans the element string at its point-of- sale. However, some countries may specify their own standard numbering systems for variable measure products administered by their GS1 Member Organisation or by a trade association.

The price verifier digit is the result of a special calculation, and its verification ensures correct reading of the price. For details, see section 7.9. Security of reading this element string without a price verifier digit depends on the element string’s check digit (see section 7.9).

The item price is the price of the trade item in the relevant currency with an implied decimal point defined by the trading partners or the relevant GS1 Member Organisation. A different format is required for each position of the implied decimal point. Multiple formats require an unambiguous way to differentiate each format, and separate GS1 Prefixes may be assigned to accomplish this.

The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the data corresponds with the verification rules.

Item reference	Price verifier digit	Item price
Item reference		Item price
Item reference	Measure verifier digit	Item measure
Item reference		Item measure

Figure 2-2 Examples of alternative data structures

When the price (or weight) of an item is encoded using this element string, a price verifier digit or a measure verifier digit SHOULD be used. The measure verifier digit is calculated from the digits in the item measure field in the same way that the price verifier digit is calculated from the item price digits (see section 7).

The item measure is a measurement of the trade item with a defined unit of measure and an implied decimal point position. The unit of measure and decimal point position are defined within the relevant geographic area for each GS1 Prefix and/or format code. The item measure may be weight only if local weights and measures regulations permit.

The data transmitted from the barcode reader means that data about a variable measure trade item has been captured. The barcode reader normally performs the price verifier digit and the measure verifier digit calculation. Failing this, the calculation must take place in the application software.

Although each GS1 Member Organisation and/or user is free to develop a solution for numbering variable measure trade items, the GS1 system provides recommended structures that provide a degree of equipment standardisation. These formats may include an item reference, the retail price of the item and a price check digit. The recommended structures are shown in Table 2-29.

Table 2-29 Recommended data structures

GS1 Prefix	Recommended data structures (exact structure determined	Check digit
	by GS1 Member Organisation)
0 2 or 2 0 – 2 9	I I I I I V P P P P	C
	I I I I V P P P P P	C
	I I I I I I P P P P	C
	I I I I I P P P P P	C

The GS1 Prefix is administered by each GS1 Member Organisation and denotes the format and meaning of a particular element string, where: I..I = Item reference.

V = Price check digit calculated according to the algorithm specified in section 7.9.
P..P = Price in local currency.
C = Check digit calculated according to the standard algorithm in section 7.9.
Note: The price field may contain zero, one, or two implied decimal places depending on the monetary unit used. The decimal point, which is not included in the barcode, must nevertheless be taken into account by the marking equipment when printing the human readable interpretation on the label.

GS1 Member Organisations may choose to implement a national solution for variable measure trade items branded by the supplier for retail. Any national branded variable measure solution requires GS1 Member Organisations to manage the allocation of the item number at a national level.

GS1 key Not applicable Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices UPC-A (carrying RCN-12)

EAN-13 (carrying RCN-13)
Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.1.13 Trade item extended packaging applications

The information obtained from a consumer trade item’s packaging can be extended when consumers using mobile devices scan or read data carriers on the package, which leads them to more information or an application. This standard provides a standardised packaging solution, which will lead to brand owner authorised information.

Independent of whether a trade item is retail or non-retail, fixed or variable measure, if it is sold to the end consumer and utilises GTIN-based identification, then it is within the scope of this application.

This application standard has three approaches to enable extended packaging applications, GS1 Digital Link URI syntax (2.1.13.1)

For new extended packaging applications, the GS1 Digital Link URI syntax is encoded in QR
Code or Data Matrix and, if applicable, NFC in addition.

GS1 element string (AI-based) syntax (2.1.13.2)

Prior to the GS1 Digital Link standard, GS1 approved two approaches to reach extended
packaging applications that were available within the GS1 system of standards.
An indirect mode of look-up via GTIN

This relies upon mobile device applications (apps) to use the GTIN encoded in EAN/UPC, GS1 DataBar, GS1 DataMatrix, or GS1 QR Code. This approach remains valid, but its implementation is limited by the lack of support for attributes of GTIN and the need to conduct a look-up to find a Web-based resource (indirect mode).

A direct mode of look-up utilising GS1 element string (AI-based) syntax approach that relies upon AIs (01) and (8200) to produce a product URL This uses the GTIN and an additional GS1 Application Identifier (8200) to produce a product URL. This approach can be used to reach brand owner authorised information or applications via direct mode, but implementation has been limited at the global level by the need for an app to construct the URL from the decoded data.

For a summary of all conformance requirements for this AIDC application standard, cross-application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.5.

2.1.13.1 GS1 Digital Link URI syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items

The GS1 Digital Link standard (DL) provides a packaging solution that can lead to brand owner authorised information. It uses a Web URI syntax to encode GS1 data, (e.g., GTIN and attribute data) in QR Code or Data Matrix barcodes and, if applicable, NFC in addition. GTIN SHALL be expressed as 14 digits, with leading zeroes serving as filler digits, as defined by the GS1 Digital Link Standard: URI Syntax, and shown in the examples below. The GS1 Digital Link Standard: URI syntax is a ratified GS1 technical standard, see https://www.gs1.org/standards/gs1-digital-link.

Although the GS1 Digital Link standard offers a compressed form of the GS1 Digital Link URI syntax, QR Code or Data Matrix SHALL encode the uncompressed form. Figure 2-3 provides examples of QR Code and Data Matrix that encode GTIN 09506000134369 to form a GS1 DL URI https://example.com/01/09506000134369.

Figure 2-3 Examples of QR Code and Data Matrix with GS1 DL URI Syntax

Note: The example.com domain name (reserved in RFC 2606) is used in the example as a place holder for any domain name. As the GS1 DL encodes GS1 data in barcodes using a Web URI syntax, it differs from previous ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ approaches described in section 2.1.13.2 because it explicitly encodes a resolvable Web URI. The GS1 Digital Link URI syntax also differs from the previous approaches in that it supports all GTIN attributes and provides standardised concatenation of multiple element strings.

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
Rules

See the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required Not Applicable Optional See section 3 for the overview of all GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with trade items Data carrier specification Carrier choices QR Code

Data Matrix
Note: During a transition period, EPC/RFID (see section 5.13 and section 4.15.2) MAY be used in addition to the 2D barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements, refer to section 8.5. This section specifies what is conformant for current and where appropriate, future state implementations.

Note: NFC (see section 5.14 and section 4.15.3) MAY be used in addition to the 2D barcode. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See 5.12.3.1, Symbol specification table 1 addendum 2 for GS1 Digital Link.

Symbol placement For additional barcodes that carry GS1 DL URIs (i.e. QR Code and Data Matrix), see section 4.15.1. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing steps, see section 7 and the GS1 Digital Link standard .

2.1.13.2 GS1 element string syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items

The GS1 element string syntax provides an extended packaging solution that can lead to brand owner authorised information. The GTIN is the primary GS1 key used to access GS1 B2C data standards and services and all GS1 application standards for consumer trade items require GTIN, therefore this standard makes normative reference to the sections in the GS1 General Specifications related to consumer trade items in Table 2-30.

In addition to using GTIN and indirect mode to reach trusted data, the URL AI (8200) with GTIN can be used to reach brand owner authorised information or applications via direct mode. GTIN and AI (8200) are encoded as separate data elements in the barcode but once decoded they are processed in a standard fashion by concatenating the following three strings: the contents of AI (8200), followed by a slash (/) character, followed by the GTIN expressed as 14 numeric digits. For example, where a trade item’s GTIN, when expressed as 14 digits is 01234567890128 and the URL for direct mode access to information is http://example.com/01234567890128.

When encoded in the symbol, the sequence for encoding is (01) 01234567890128 (8200) http://example.com, but when processed the URL, a slash and the GTIN are combined to arrive at http://example.com/01234567890128.

The example provided is not intended to constrain the brand owner to the use of http URL schema, the .com top-level domain, or the specific structure of URL illustrated. Any URL may be used, and in processing the slash character and 14-digit GTIN are appended.

These values are also expressed in non-HRI text on the label (see section 4.14). If GTIN attributes beyond AI (8200) are encoded together with GTIN and PRODUCT URL they are processed and expressed in text on the label as http://brandownerassignedURL.com/gtin/serialnumber where serial number equals up to 20 alphanumeric digits.

Table 2-30 Overview of related normative sections

Section	Title	General retail POS
healthcare: retail	healthcare: non-
POS	retail / POC
2.1.3	Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS	Yes

Section	Title	General retail POS
healthcare: retail	healthcare: non-
POS	retail / POC
2.1.3.6	Fixed measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS	Yes
2.1.4	Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution and at retail POS	Yes
2.1.5	Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items)*	Yes
2.1.6	Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items)*	Yes
2.1.7.1	Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution - identification of a trade item that is a single product*	Yes
2.1.12.1	Variable measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail point-of-sale using GTIN	Yes
*Important: For healthcare applications AI (8200) will be deprecated on 31 December 2026, healthcare applications SHALL NOT utilise AI (8200) after this date

GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
For regulated healthcare non-retail applications also: GTIN-14
Rules

All rules in the sections that appear in Table 2-30 apply as described in each section. Attributes Required For the purpose of direct mode, AI (8200) must be used in combination with GTIN when brand owners provide extended packaging information or applications.

Optional For the purpose of indirect mode, all attributes in the sections which appear in Table 2-30 as described in each section. Rules All rules in the sections that appear in Table 2-30 apply as described in each section.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices For the purpose of supporting indirect mode, all carrier choices in the sections which appear in the Table 2-30 apply as described in each section.

For the purpose of direct mode, in addition to the symbol required for indirect mode, when AI (8200) is used, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code are the only approved data carriers. See also section 4.15.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality To determine the appropriate specifications for printing and quality control, see the GS1 symbol specification table(s) referred to in each application standard shown in Table 2-30.

Symbol placement None defined. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.14 European Regulation 2018/574, traceability of tobacco products

This application standard provides a normative GS1 response to a specific regulatory requirement. It covers identification and marking of various entities per the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/574 on technical standards for the establishment and operation of a traceability system for tobacco products, https://ec.europa.eu/health/tobacco/tracking_tracing_system_en . If regulatory authorities outside the EU adopt the EU approach, this application standard is intended to support their efforts and enable global interoperability.

The regulation specifies where ISO/IEC 15459 compliant GS1 identification keys can be used to identify: 1. Unit packs (retail trade item consumer units) for traceability purposes (retail point of sale specifications are defined within separate application standard 2.1.3) 2. Aggregates defined as “any packaging containing more than one unit packet of tobacco products” (trade item groupings), including:

a. Trade item grouping (e.g., higher level aggregations of unit packs such as cartons and cases) defined within separate application standards 2.1.4 or 2.1.7. b. Logistic units (e.g., aggregation of unit packs as transport units) defined within separate application standard 2.2.1.

Economic operators defined by EU 2018/574 as “any natural or legal person who is involved in the trade of tobacco products, including for export, from the manufacturer to the last economic operator before the first retail outlet” and where “Economic operators and operators of first retail outlets shall apply for an economic operator identifier code from the ID issuer competent for each Member State in which they operate at least one facility.” 4. Facilities defined by EU 2018/574 as “any location, building or vending machine where tobacco products are manufactured, stored or placed on the market” 5. Machines defined as “the equipment used for the manufacture of tobacco products which is integral to the manufacturing process” The regulation also specifies ISO/IEC, AIM and GS1 compliant barcodes for unit packs and aggregations as well as ISO/IEC 15415 and 15416 print quality minimums.

The regulation introduces an extension of ISO/IEC 15459 Issuing Agency Codes (IACs) to identify the Member State appointed ID Issuer called the Unique Identification Code (UIC). As EU 2018/574 extends the IAC function to identify ID Issuers, GS1 will assign ID Issuer Unique Identification Codes (UICs) from its Issuing Agency Code allocation. GS1 identification keys will be used as they are currently used and their ‘values’ will remain unchanged for supply chain functions and systems as GS1 identification keys are already pervasively deployed and, in the case of Unit Pack Unique Identifier (upUI), already used for EU-CEG 2015/2186’s Tobacco Product Number registrations.

Additionally, a GS1 identification key shall not become an EU 2018/574 compliant identifier for economic operators, facilities, or machines until GS1 validates the key and an appointed ID Issuer authorises the GS1 identification key for use. As multiple ID Issuers may authorise the same GS1 identification key value, the UIC must be concatenated before the GS1 identification key to provides context for national authorisation of a GS1 identification key to create an Economic Operator ID (EOID), Facility ID (FID), or Machine ID (MID).

In order to address the EU 2018/574 requirements while not modifying previously assigned values within GS1 identification keys, the following specifications are established. GS1 Issuing Agency Code-based, ID Issuer Unique Identification Code (with Extensions) 1. One ID Issuer Unique Identification Code (UIC) SHALL be licensed to each ID Issuer that adopts a GS1 standards-based approach to EU 2018/574 identification. NOTE: UICs assigned by GS1 SHALL begin with a numeric character in the first position of the ID Issuer Unique Identification Code. Issuing Agency Codes 0 through 9 are allocated exclusively to GS1 and shall not be used in the first position of an ISO/IEC compliant identifier unless allocated by GS1.

A GS1 ID Issuer UIC SHALL be added before a GS1 identification key to form EU 2018/574 compliant economic operator identifiers (EOIDs), facility identifiers (FIDs) and machine identifiers (MIDs), while permitting use of GS1 identification keys without UIC to support open, supply chain business processes.
The same AI SHALL be used for the UIC independent of its use with EOID, FID, or MID and the ID Issuer UIC value SHALL be the same whether used within upUI, EOID, FID, or MID and independent of the country where the ID Issuer (individual legal entity) operates.
As GS1 identification keys are international and because ID Issuer UIC is the same for all countries where it operates, a GS1 UIC Extension 1 SHALL directly follow the UIC. The GS1 UIC Extension 1 permits an ID Issuer to operate in all 28 EU Member States. An additional capacity of up to 54 countries is held in reserve for the potential adoption of solutions outside the EU of the EU 2018/574 approach. Of this 54, GS1 is holding 20 to allow capacity for geopolitical change.
GS1 supports GS1 and non-GS1 TPX algorithms. To communicate which algorithm is being used. GS1 UIC Extension 2 provide 41 alphanumeric characters each to GS1-based and non-GS1 based algorithm users.

unit pack Unique Identifier (upUI) 1. The UIC SHALL appear in the first position of the Third Party Controlled, Serialised Extension of GTIN (TPX) and SHALL be licensed, along with GS1 UIC Extensions 1 and 2, to each ID Issuer for the duration of their appointment by an official National Authority. GS1 UIC Extension 1 indicates the Member State where the ID Issuer is operating and UIC Extension 2 indicates whether a GS1 or non-GS1 algorithm is used. These two provisions are required to ensure identifiers are unique across National Authorities and between entities who are appointed as ID Issuer by each National Authority over time.

TPX SHALL appear before GTIN to accommodate the UIC. This will require an additional Group Separator character after the TPX (as the TPX is a non-predefined element string). Inclusive of the Group Separator character and AI, the maximum TPX element string length SHOULD NOT exceed 21 barcode symbol characters to accommodate high-speed production (e.g., two symbol characters for the GS1 Application Identifier and the first digit of the TPX, plus 19 alphanumeric for the remaining TPX data element).

Aggregated unit packs (aUIs) offered as trade items (referred to as trade item groupings by GS1) 1. Serialised GTINs (SGTINs), as determined by brand owners, SHALL be used. 2. As SGTINs are assigned by economic operators, they SHALL NOT be preceded by the UIC to form the aUI for trade item use in the EU 2018/574 system.

Aggregated unit packs at transport unit level (referred to as logistic units by GS1) 1. Serial Shipping Container Codes (SSCCs), as assigned by economic operators, SHALL be used. 2. As SSCCs are assigned by economic operators, they SHALL NOT be preceded by the UIC to form the aUI for trade item use in the EU 2018/574 system.

Economic Operator ID (EOID) 1. GLNs, as assigned by economic operators, SHALL be submitted within Economic Operator ID Request messages for ID Issuer authorization. 2. When authorised by the ID Issuer, the GLN SHALL be preceded by the UIC, GS1 UIC Extension 1 and Importer index to form the EOID for use in the EU 2018/574 system.

GLNs without the UIC SHALL continue to be used, as is, within GS1 Data Sharing Standards to support existing supply chain requirements. Facility (FID) 1. GLNs, as assigned by economic operators, SHALL be submitted within Facility ID Request messages for ID Issuer authorization.
When authorised by the ID Issuer, the GLN SHALL be preceded by the UIC, GS1 UIC Extension 1 and Importer index to form the FID for use in the EU 2018/574 system. 3. GLNs without the UIC SHALL continue to be used, as is, within GS1 Data Sharing Standards to support existing supply chain requirements.

Machine ID (MID) 1. GIAIs, as assigned by economic operators, SHALL be submitted within Machine ID Request messages for ID Issuer authorization. 2. When authorised by the ID Issuer, the GIAI SHALL be preceded by the UIC, GS1 UIC Extension 1 and Importer index to form the MID for use in the EU 2018/574 system.

GIAIs without the UIC SHALL continue to be used, as is, within GS1 Data Sharing Standards to support existing supply chain requirements.

2.1.14.1 Trade Items at EU 2018/574 Unit Pack Level

GS1 identification key Definition To identify trade items at unit pack level: 1. The GTIN-8 is the 8-digit GS1 identification key composed of a GS1-8 Prefix, item reference and check digit used to identify trade items.

The GTIN-12 is the 12-digit GS1 identification key composed of a U.P.C. Company Prefix, item reference and check digit used to identify trade items. 3. The GTIN-13 is the 13-digit GS1 identification key composed of a GS1 Company Prefix, item reference and check digit used to identify trade items.

Note: EU 2015/2186 specifies GTIN, UPC-12 and EAN-13 as a product number. UPC-12 is a legacy term replaced by GTIN-12. EAN-13 is a legacy term replaced by GTIN-13. GTIN-8 is another legitimate structure of GTIN for retail-consumer trade items. As GTIN-14 is not permitted on retail consumer trade items as the value for GTIN in the EAN/UPC and upUI barcodes MUST be the same, GTIN-14 is not permitted for the EU 2018/574 unit pack Unique Identifier.

Rules GTIN is used exclusively within GS1 traceability solutions (e.g., GS1 EPCIS-based solutions.) When an additional barcode (beyond the retail point-of-sale barcode) is required to support inline printing, the GTIN in both barcodes SHALL be the same value per section 4.13.

All the GTIN rules described in section 4. For general human readable interpretation rules see section 4.14. The regulation requires human readable text to reflect the characters which must be key entered in order to make a repository look-up. To reduce confusion of customs and other regulatory users GS1 Application Identifiers SHALL NOT be printed where the human readable text used for repository look-up is clearly indicated on the package.

Attributes Required For unit pack level, Third Party Controlled Serialised Extension of GTIN (TPX) Rules This solution supports interoperability by specifying Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) as the primary identification key for ‘product code’ within the unit level Unique Identifier (EU 2018/574 term for the serialised product code). After GTIN, all other requirements are met with the Third Party Controlled Serialised Extension of GTIN (TPX) as an attribute of GTIN.

The Unit Pack Unit Identifier (upUI) shall be up to 50 characters per EU 2018/574, but should be the shortest length possible that accommodates explicit encoding of the GTIN element string. This because GTIN provides backwards compatibility for the retail supply chain and the shortest length possible enables reliable high-speed printing.

Note Where the TPX is intended for high-speed, inline printing, the TPX data element should not exceed 20 alphanumeric characters. When encoded in a barcode, the 14-digit GTIN and Application Identifier (01) require eight symbol characters because numeric characters are encoded in barcodes at twice the efficiency of alpha or special characters. This means the total encoded characters for GTIN and TPX, when allocated for high-speed production lines, should not exceed 29 symbol characters.

The TPX SHALL always be encoded before GTIN to comply with EU 2018/574 UIC specifications. AI (21) Serial Number SHALL NOT be used when AI (235) is used. Optional For EU 2018/574 unit packs, a timestamp is optional within the data carrier.

If timestamp is encoded as a separate element string, AI (8008), date and time of production, to hourly precision, SHALL be used. If encoded, the AI (8008) element string to hourly precision (12 numeric characters, 8008YYMMDDhh) will require six barcode symbol characters in addition to mandatory GTIN and required TPX element strings (which should not exceed 29 symbol characters).

If timestamp is encoded, it may be omitted from the HRI adjacent to the data carrier unless the ID Issuer specifies that the timestamp is required to retrieve repository information related to the upUI.

If timestamp is not encoded, it MUST be shown in HRI below the data carrier. In HRI, the TPX SHALL appear in the first position. In the non-HRI text, the timestamp SHALL appear in the last position and be clearly separated from GTIN where AI (8008) is not encoded. Only GTIN, TPX and optionally timestamp, SHALL be permitted per EU 2018/574 in the data carrier for the unit pack Unique Identifier.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices, per EU 2018/574, for trade items at EU 2018/574 unit pack level GS1 DotCode

Note: GS1 DotCode use is restricted to this application standard and only the unit level.

GS1 DataMatrix

GS1 QR Code
Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

See section 5.12.3.12, GS1 system symbol specification table 12. Symbol placement For this application, a symbol is required on unit packs in addition to the symbol used at retail POS, therefore 4.15, Rule 4 Non-Adjacent Placement should be followed.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.14.2 Aggregated unit packs (aUIs) offered as trade items (referred to as trade item groupings

by GS1) GS1 identification key Definition Within a GS1 based implementation, aggregated level UIs shall be generated and issued directly by the economic operator. A GTIN allocated by brand owners and a serial number determined by brand owners supports aggregate Unique Identifier (aUI) per EU 2018/574. To identify trade item groupings (unit pack aggregation - cartons, cases), see sections 2.1.4 or 2.1.7.

Rules GTIN is used exclusively within GS1 traceability solutions (e.g., GS1 EPCIS-based solutions.) All the GTIN rules described in section 4. Attributes Required AI (21) Serial Number.

Rules Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers (AI) that can be used with a GTIN, see section 3. Data carrier specification Carrier choices, per EU 2018/574, for trade item grouping (unit pack aggregation into cartons, cases) GS1 DataMatrix

GS1 QR Code
GS1-128
Note: GS1-128 should be used, at a minimum, where the trade item grouping will encounter supply chain systems beyond those covered by this regulation. Where a trade item grouping will also be sold at retail point-of-sale (e.g., carton of cigarettes), a barcode specified for POS (see section 2.1.4.) SHALL be used in addition to those introduced by this regulation. If the barcode specified for the regulation becomes specified for retail point-of-sale, one barcode will suffice.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.12, GS1 system symbol specification table 12. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.14.3 Aggregated unit packs at transport unit level (referred to as logistic units by GS1)

GS1 identification key Definition Within a GS1 based implementation, aggregated level UIs shall be generated and issued directly by the economic operator. SSCC, as allocated by economic operators, supports aggregate Unique Identifier (aUI) for transport units per EU 2018/574. To identify logistics units (unit pack aggregation transport units), per ISO/IEC 15459-1, see section 2.2.1.

Rules See section 4.3. Attributes Required Not applicable Rules See section 4.3. Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices, per EU 2018/574, for logistic units (unit pack aggregation into transport units) GS1 DataMatrix

GS1 QR Code
GS1-128
Note: Use of GS1-128 should be used, at a minimum, where the logistics will encounter supply chain systems beyond those covered by this regulation. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.12, GS1 system symbol specification table 12.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.14.4 Machine Identification per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as individual asset by GS1)

GS1 identification key Definition Within a GS1 based implementation, machines (individual assets) are identified in two steps. First, the economic operator provides a Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI), which is validated by GS1. In parallel, ID Issuer validates all other attributes of the Machine ID (MID) Request. Once validated, the ID Issuer UIC, GS1 UIC Extension 1 and Importer index are concatenated before the GIAI to form the MID. To identify individual assets, see sections 2.3.2 and 3.9.4 Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI): AI (8004).

Rules See section 4.4. Attributes Required GS1 UIC with Extension 1 and Importer index AI (7040) Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Not applicable for EU 2018/574. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.14.5 Facility per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as physical location by GS1)

GS1 identification key Definition Within a GS1 based implementation, facilities (physical locations) are identified in two steps. First, the economic operator provides a Global Location Number (GLN), which is validated by GS1. In parallel, the ID Issuer validates all other attributes of the Facility ID (FID) Request. Once validated, the ID Issuer UIC, GS1 UIC Extension 1 and Importer index are concatenated before the GLN to form the FID. To identify physical locations, see sections 2.4 and 3.7.9 Identification of a physical location - Global Location Number: AI (414).

Rules All the GLN rules described in section 4.5. Attributes Required GS1 UIC with Extension 1 and Importer index AI (7040) Rules Per section 4.5 Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Not applicable for EU 2018/574.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.14.6 Economic operator per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as party by GS1)

GS1 identification key Definition Within a GS1 based implementation, economic operators (parties) are identified in two steps. First, the economic operator provides a Global Location Number (GLN), which is validated by GS1. In parallel, the ID Issuer validates all other attributes of the Economic Operator ID (EOID) Request.

Once validated, the ID Issuer UIC, GS1 UIC Extension 1 and Importer index are concatenated before the GLN to form the EOID. To identify parties, see sections 2.4.5 and 3.7.12 Identification of a party - Global Location Number: AI (417).

Rules All the GLN rules described in section 4.5. Attributes Required GS1 UIC with Extension 1 and Importer index AI (7040) Rules Per section 4.5. Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Not applicable for EU 2018/574.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.1.15 Identification of non-new trade items

Application description Background All new trade items that are identified using the GS1 system will have been issued a GTIN prior to their first use or consumer purchase. The GTIN is the same for all instances of the same trade item.

In addition to the GTIN, some trade items have additional, more granular identification information, such as consumer product variant (CPV), a batch/lot number and/or a serial number. Each of these more granular GS1 identification key components are always associated to the GTIN. In most cases, the GTIN is present on the packaging of a new trade item and encoded in a barcode (see section 4.13.2).

Some new trade items have barcodes or EPC/RFID tags that include one or more pieces of more granular identification information in addition to the GTIN. For example, an EPC/RFID tag that is encoded with GS1 identification will include the GTIN and the serial number of a new trade item.

Another example is 2D barcodes, such as a QR Code with a GS1 Digital Link URI, which can also include more granular GS1 identification key components in addition to the GTIN. Trade item declarations and offer declarations

Trade item declarations

Any trade item has trade item declarations (see section 4.2.2.2) that is the set of all information that is on the label and in the original packaging. Trade item declarations are declared by the original GTIN allocator (the party that assigned the GTIN to the trade item before the first use or consumer purchase).

Offer declarations

Any trade item that is being listed for sale has a set of offer declarations, which is the set of all information declared (or agreed to) by the seller about the trade item (inclusive of price, availability, terms of sale, claims, condition of the item, shipping information, returns information, etc).

Non-new trade items After the first use or consumer purchase, a trade item is considered non-new, noting that non-new trade items may not include trade items that have been returned for a refund. Non-new trade items include a wide range of products with varying levels of precision of existing identification, as explained above.

When deciding how to identify a non-new trade item, consideration SHOULD be given to several factors, including:

Availability/knowledge of existing identification of the non-new trade item (e.g., the original

GTIN and original serial number of the trade item that was assigned by the original GTIN allocator)

Needs of downstream business processes (how do the non-new trade items need to be stocked, ordered, sold, fulfilled, etc.)
Ability to scan, process and manage identification information at any level of precision beyond

GTIN as it is expected that all systems can currently manage GTIN-level identification Rules for identification of non-new trade items Individual industries may have specific applications standards for managing identification of refurbished trade items, in which case those standards take precedence. For identification of refurbished components and parts for the rail industry, see the Identification of Components and Parts in the Rail Industry – Application Standard. For all other cases, the following rules apply:

If there is no need to identify new and non-new instances of the same trade item separately, and no need to identify each non-new instance of an item with a GTIN and serial number, then identification with the originally assigned GTIN is sufficient.

If the brand owner assigned original GTIN of a trade item is not immediately known, effort SHALL be taken to discover and use this identifier to identify the non-new trade item. If the original GTIN cannot be recovered, a new GTIN SHALL be allocated according to the GTIN Management Standard or, for regulated healthcare products, the GS1 Healthcare GTIN Allocation Rules Standard.

If there is a need to identify new and non-new instances of the same trade item separately, then the following possibilities for the identification of non-new trade items are available:

When identification of a non-new trade item can be managed at a serialised instance level

by all downstream parties, the following rule applies:

If the original GTIN and the original serial number associated with the GTIN are known, and

the serial number has not been decommissioned, then they SHALL be used to identify a non-new trade item (for information on end of life see EPCIS Standard). To take advantage of this instance level identification for business processes such as inventory management and price look up, systems will need to be able to use serial number and GTIN in order to access price, condition and other elements of the offer.

When identification of a non-new trade item cannot be managed at a serialised instance

level by some or all downstream parties:

When a party adapts, refurbishes or modifies trade items in a way that results in a new set

of trade item declarations (see 4.2.2.2), a new GTIN SHALL be allocated. The party may be the original GTIN allocator or a downstream party. In this case, a linkage between the new GTIN and the original GTIN SHALL be maintained and provided to downstream trading partners if requested.

In certain instances, non-new trade items are made available for sale in restricted

distribution applications, where identification with GTIN may not be necessary. Such closed supply chain environments may use trade item identification described in section 2.1.11. For such instances, consultation with your local GS1 Member Organisation is recommended. Note: It is understood that some businesses use a proprietary combination of the original GTIN of a non-new trade item and other data (such as seller ID or another internal number) that may exist in their system to generate unique identification of a particular offer of a non-new trade item. Such non-standard approaches are not globally- interoperable and their use must be mutually agreed. The rules in section 2.1.15 are designed to ensure globally-interoperable identification of non-new trade items GS1 key Required GTIN-12 GTIN-13 GTIN-8 Rules All GTIN rules described in section 4.2.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers (AI) that can be used with a GTIN, see section 3. Data carrier specification Carrier choices

UPC-A barcode (carrying GTIN-12 or RCN-12)
EAN-13 barcode (carrying GTIN-13 or RCN-13)
UPC-E barcode
EAN-8 barcode
GS1 DataBar Retail POS family (carrying GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 represented in a fixed length data string of 14 digits by adding leading zeroes)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS)) Note: When EPC/RFID is used, it SHALL be in addition to GS1-128 or GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code. The SGTIN EPC, corresponding to a compound key of AI (01) and AI (21), must be used. When the associated barcode carries AI (21), this SHALL encode the same, brand- owner assigned Serial Number used to encode the Serial Number component of the SGTIN EPC on the EPC/RFID tag, taking care not to change any characters and neither add nor remove any leading zeros (see section 4.15.1).

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

Symbol placement All symbol placement guidelines are defined in section 6.9.

2.1.16 Identification for service activation of mobile devices/equipment

Application description When mobile devices/equipment such as smartphones, tablets or laptop computers are sold there are a number of point-of-sale processes that take place to authenticate the device and activate it for use on wireless networks. For these devices, GTINs are required for trade (e.g., online or retail POS

required by regulatory authorities before they are placed on the market		.
ers	may also be used by regulatory authorities after they are placed on the

market and are used for downstream processes such as warranty returns or repairs. The additional identifiers are used for non-GS1 systems to activate the device or SIM card after purchase to enable its use by the consumer. Note that the sale and activation of a physical or embedded SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card without a mobile device/equipment is not in scope for this application as these are considered separate trade items. This application standard enables the sale and activation of mobile devices/equipment via a single GS1 compliant 2D barcode encoding all data elements to support sale and activation of mobile devices/equipment. This application standard also enables the storage of the serialised GTIN in the device if the packaging is discarded. In this event, the SGTIN that is required for placing the product on the market (e.g., EU Digital Product Passport regulation) SHALL be permanently available to consumers and downstream actors (e.g., repair providers) in the digital description on the device.

GS1 key The allowable key formats for this application are:

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
GTIN-8

Attributes Required AI (21) AI (8040) IMEI Optional AI (8041) IMEI2 AI (8042) Embedded SIM AI (8043) Physical SIM Rules In addition to the GTIN rules described in section 4, see section 4.2.7 for rules on deploying GTIN-8.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices

QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
GS1 DataMatrix

Note: For retailers who are transitioning to 2D barcodes at retail POS, 2D barcodes may be applied in addition to the linear barcode. For a summary of all conformance requirements for fixed measure trade items scanned at POS, 2D barcodes, cross- application rules and related technical specifications, see section 8.2.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See 5.12.3.1, Symbol specification table 1 addendum 2 for 2D barcodes

2.2 Logistic units

A logistic unit is an item of any composition established for transport and/or storage that needs to be managed through the supply chain. Tracking and tracing logistic units in the supply chain is a major application of the GS1 system.

Scanning the standard identification number, marked on each logistic unit, allows the physical movement of units to be individually tracked and traced by providing a link between the physical movement of items and the associated information flow. It also opens up the opportunity to implement a wide range of applications, such as cross docking, shipment routing and automated receiving.

Logistic units are identified with a GS1 identification number called the SSCC (Serial Shipping Container Code). The SSCC is the only GS1 key that SHALL be used as the identifier of a logistic unit. The SSCC ensures that logistic units are identified with a number that is unique worldwide.

If, in addition to being a logistic unit, the item is regarded as a trade item by the brand owner, it MAY additionally be identified with a GTIN. The combination of a GTIN and a serial number SHALL NOT replace the SSCC as the identifier of a logistic unit.

If, in addition to being a logistic unit, the item is part of a consignment and or a shipment, it MAY also be associated with the GINC and / or the GSIN. Attribute information, such as a Global Identification Number for Consignment, AI (401), may be optionally encoded using internationally agreed data structures and a barcode symbology that allow unambiguous interpretation.

2.2.1 Individual logistic units

Application description A logistic unit is an item of any composition established for transport and/or storage that needs to be managed through the supply chain. The identification and symbol marking of logistic units enables a large number of user applications. In particular, the SSCC (Serial Shipping Container Code) provides a link between the physical logistic unit and information pertaining to the logistic unit that is communicated between trading partners using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

The SSCC element string AI (00) is used for the identification of logistic units (see section 3). Each individual logistic unit is allocated a unique number, which remains the same for the life of the logistic unit. When assigning an SSCC, the rule is that an individual SSCC number must not be reallocated within one year of the shipment date from the SSCC assignor to a trading partner.

However, prevailing regulatory or industry organisation specific requirements may extend this period. In principle, the SSCC provides a unique reference number that can be used as the key to access information regarding the logistic unit in computer files. However, attributes relating to the logistic unit (e.g., ship to information, logistic weights) are also available as standardised element strings.

GS1 key Required SSCC

The GS1 Application Identifier for the SSCC is AI (00), see section 3.2.

Rules All SSCC rules described in section 4.3. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with an SSCC, see section 3.2. Note: Although the use of AI (02), Identification of trade items contained, and AI (37), Count of trade items or trade item pieces contained in a logistic unit, is common in some sectors to describe the content of a logistic unit, the healthcare sector prefers the use of the SSCC alone. The SSCC is used with EDI communications to enable identification and traceability.

Rules Not applicable. Data carrier specification Carrier choices The mandatory data carrier used to represent individual logistic units is the GS1-128 barcode symbology. A GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code symbol MAY be included in addition to the GS1-128 symbol.

When used, the 2D barcode SHALL include all element strings included in the GS1-128 symbol(s), and MAY include additional element strings. If a logistic unit does not have at least one surface area greater than an A6 or 4” x 6” logistic label (see section 6.6.4.5), a GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code MAY be used by itself on a logistic label, though a GS1-128 containing a SSCC is still recommended. If a logistic label is used with only a GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code, care must be taken to ensure trading partners are able to scan this barcode.

For healthcare, see the recommendations at the end of section 2.1.5 in Table 2-11 Carrier choices. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height, and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.5, GS1 symbol specification table 5.

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.2.2 Multiple logistic units – Global Identification Number for Consignment

Application description Consignments can comprise one or many logistic units. If the consignment comprises more than

one physical object there is no requirement that they are attached together. A consignment number identifies a logical grouping. When a consignment number is read the message is that this physical unit should be associated with any other physical units carrying the same consignment number. Individual physical units carry the SSCC as described in the previous section.

The Global Identification Number for Consignment is assigned by the freight forwarder or carrier

of the transport units and is referenced in the relevant transport messages and documents (e.g., waybill). It may be used as a communication reference by all parties in the transport chain, such as in Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) messages where it can be used as a consignment reference and/or freight forwarders or carriers loading list. See section 3.2, Global Identification Number for Consignment (GINC): AI (401).

Note: Shipment and consignment are terms, which may be used interchangeably within the transport and logistics sector however for the purposes of clarity, when referring to multiple logistic unit identification for trade, GS1 uses the term shipment and when referring to multiple logistic unit identification for transport, GS1 uses the term consignment GS1 key Required GINC The GS1 Application Identifier for the GINC is AI (401), see section 3.2 Rules The data transmitted means that the element string denoting a Global Identification Number for Consignment has been captured. The Global Identification Number for Consignment may be processed as stand-alone information where applicable or with other identification data appearing on the same unit. See sections 2.2.1 and 6.6 for the use of the GINC in combination with the SSCC.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carriers used to represent the Global Identification Number for Consignment are the GS1- 128 barcode and the GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code symbologies.

Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.5, GS1 symbol specification table 5. Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.2.3 Multiple logistic units – Global Shipment Identification Number

Application description Shipments can comprise one or many logistic units. If the shipment comprises more than one

physical object there is no requirement that they are attached together. A shipment number identifies a logical grouping. When a shipment number is read the message is that this physical unit should be associated with any other physical units carrying the same shipment number.

Individual physical units carry the SSCC as described in the previous section. The Global Shipment Identification Number (GSIN) is assigned by a seller (sender) of the goods

and is referenced in the despatch advice and bill of lading, etc. It is a globally unique number that identifies a logical grouping of physical units in a transport shipment. It may be used as a communication reference by all parties in the transport chain, such as in Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) messages where it can be used as a shipment reference and/or a consignor’s loading list.

Note: Shipment and consignment are terms which may be used interchangeably within the transport and logistics sector, however for the purposes of clarity, when referring to multiple logistic unit identification for trade, GS1 uses the term shipment and when referring to multiple logistic unit identification for transport, GS1 uses the term consignment.

GS1 key Required GSIN The GS1 Application Identifier for the GSIN is AI (402), see section 3.2. Rules The data transmitted means that the element string denoting a shipment identification number has been captured. The Global Shipment Identification Number may be processed as stand-alone information where applicable or with other identification data appearing on the same unit. See sections 2.2.1 and 6.6 for the use of the GSIN in combination with the SSCC.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carriers used to represent the Global Shipment Identification Number are the GS1-128 barcode and the GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code symbologies.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.3 Assets

The GS1 system provides a method for the identification of assets. The object of asset identification is to identify a physical entity as an inventory item. Each company holding a GS1 Company Prefix may assign a Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI) or Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI). If the asset is manufactured on behalf of a company best practice may dictate that the manufacturing company applies the GRAI or GIAI during the manufacturing process on behalf of this customer.

Note: Where assets of the same type need to be ordered a GTIN is required for the ordering process. There is no conflict when a GTIN and a GRAI (GS1 Company Prefix, asset type and check digit) have the same digits, because the data carrier (EDI qualifier, GS1 barcode with GS1 Application Identifier, or EPC/RFID) will distinguish between the two GS1 identification keys.

The GS1 asset identifiers act as keys to access the characteristics of an asset stored in a computer file and/or to record movements of assets. Note: The attributes of the asset should be recorded and shared digitally using the GS1 asset identifier as the key to the information. Examples of the type of information held include the party who owns the asset, the value of the asset, the location of the asset and the life cycle history of the asset.

Asset identifiers may be used for basic applications, such as the location and usership of a given asset (e.g., a personal computer or returnable transport item) or for complex applications, such as recording the characteristics of a returnable asset (e.g., a reusable beer keg), its movements, its life cycle history and any relevant data for accounting purposes.

2.3.1 Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI): AI (8003)

Application description A returnable asset is a reusable package or transport equipment of a certain value, such as a beer keg, a gas cylinder, a plastic pallet, or a crate. The GS1 system identification of a returnable asset, the Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI), enables tracking as well as recording of all relevant data.

The GRAI is composed of the GS1 Company Prefix (of the company assigning the asset identifier) and the asset type. The latter is assigned to uniquely identify, together with the GS1 Company Prefix, a particular kind of asset. The GRAI remains the same for all identical returnable assets.

Although consecutive numbering is recommended, the structure is left to the discretion of the assigning company. An optional serial component may be used to distinguish individual assets within a given asset type.

A typical application using this element string is in tracking returnable beer kegs. The owner of the beer keg applies a barcode carrying a GRAI to the keg using a permanent marking technique. This barcode is scanned whenever the keg is supplied full to a customer and scanned again when it is returned. This scanning operation allows the beer keg owner to automatically capture the life cycle history of a given keg and to operate a deposit system, if desired.

Note: This element string identifies a physical entity as a returnable asset. When such a physical entity is used to transport or to contain a trade item, the element string AI (8003) must never be used to identify the transported or contained trade item.

Note: GS1 refers to the GRAI in section 2.1.8, which deals the Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) of medical devices within the micro-logistics cycle of use, cleaning and sterilisation. See section 2.1.8 for more details.

GS1 key Required GRAI The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI) is AI (8003), see section 3.2. Rules See section 4.4. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with a GRAI, see section 3.2.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices The GS1 data carriers that can be used to represent the GRAI are: GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When EPC/RFID is used as an additional data carrier, the GRAI EPC must be serialised. When there is a business need, the associated barcode can also carry a serialised GRAI. In that case the value of the serialised GRAI in the EPC/RFID and associated barcode SHALL be the same (see section 4.15.1).

When encoding an asset identifier for medical devices see section 2.1.8. When applying permanent marking, also see the information in section 2.6.14. Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For GS1-128, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code, see section 5.12.3.9 GS1 symbol specification table 9 and section 5.12.3.7 GS1 symbol specification table 7 (direct part marking) or section 5.12.3.13 GS1 symbol specification table 13 (long distance scanning). When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement Not applicable. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.3.2 Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI): AI (8004)

Application description In the GS1 system, an individual asset is considered a physical entity made up of any characteristics. This element string identifies a particular physical entity as an asset. It must not be used for other purposes and must be unique for a period well beyond the lifetime of the relevant asset records.

Whether or not the assigned Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI) may remain with the asset when changing hands depends on the particular business application. If it remains with the asset it SHALL NOT be reused.

The GIAI comprises the GS1 Company Prefix of the company assigning the asset identifier and an individual asset reference (see section 3). The individual asset reference is alphanumeric. Its structure is left to the discretion of the asset owner or manager.

This element string might, for example, be used to record the life cycle history of aircraft parts. By symbol marking the GIAI, AI (8004), on a given part, aircraft operators are able to automatically update their inventory database and track assets from acquisition until retirement.

GS1 refers to GIAI in the section 2.1.8, which deals with Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) for medical devices within the micro-logistics cycle of use, cleaning and sterilisation. See section 2.1.8 for more details.

GS1 key Required GIAI The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI) is AI (8004), see section 3.2. Note: The GIAI of assemblies (composite components) may need to be marked on a component of the assembly (the so called leading part) when there is no dedicated space to mark the GIAI on the assembly itself. For example, the GIAI of a side buffer of a rail vehicle may be included in a separate marking on the buffer casing, in addition to the marking of the buffer casing itself. To be able to recognise the marking of the assembly AI (7023) SHALL be used to indicate the GIAI of the assembly.

Figure 2-4 Example: Side buffer (assembly) with buffer casing (leading part)

Rules See section 4.4 Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with a GIAI, see section 3.2. Data carrier specification Carrier choices The GS1 data carriers that can be used to represent the GIAI are:

GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When encoding an asset identifier for medical devices see section 2.1.8. When applying permanent marking, also see the information in section 2.6.14. Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For GS1-128, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code, see section 5.12.3.9 GS1 symbol specification table 9 and section 5.12.3.7 GS1 symbol specification table 7 (direct part marking), or section 5.12.3.13 GS1 symbol specification table 13 (long distance scanning). When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.4 Parties and locations

The GLN is a globally unique and unambiguous GS1 identification key that can identify of any type of party or location used in business processes. The use of Global Location Numbers (GLNs) is driven by the exact role of each party and/or location within a given business process.

A GLN identifying a party answers the question of “who” is involved within the use case. This may be a legal entity or function transacting in a business scenario. Legal entity – Any business, government body, department, charity, individual or institution

that has standing in the eyes of the law and has the capacity to enter into agreements or contracts. Function – An organisational subdivision or department based on the specific tasks being
performed, as defined by the organisation.

A GLN identifying a location is used to answer the question of “where” something has been, is, or will be. A location can be either physical or digital in nature. Physical location - A site (an area, a structure or group of structures) or an area within the

site where something was, is, or will be located.

The identification of physical locations is an essential element for supply chain visibility. A

GLN assigned to a physical location always has identifiable geographical location reference (e.g., address, geocoordinates) regardless of any business process roles conducted at the site. A physical location may be permanent and remain in a fixed position or mobile where the position can change over time (i.e., mobile blood donation van).

Digital location - An electronic (non-physical) address that is used for communication between

computer systems.

Just as the exchange of physical goods is a transaction between companies, the exchange of

data is a transaction between systems, for example the delivery of an invoice can be mapped to an EDI gateway identified by a GLN. For rules on GLN allocation, see the GS1 GLN Allocation Rules Standard.

2.4.1 Application overview

The GLN is used in applications that share party and location information through automatic identification and data capture (AIDC). Section 2.4 focuses on the use of the GLN in AIDC applications. Four broad categories of use of the GLN exist:

Identification of a physical location, for example through a label attached to a loading dock or to a shelf location in a warehouse. 2. Specification of a location used in transport and logistics processes, for example a ship to location on a logistic label.
Identification of a party, for example designating a legal entity on a document. 4. Specification of a party, for example the invoicing party on a payment slip. GLN is widely used to share data between systems and is a foundational key in the related GS1 standards. For further information, please consult the relevant GS1 standard.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) uses GLN to identify trading partners and physical locations involved in transactions. Also, the EDI mailbox or network address for companies is often identified with a GLN.
Global Data Synchronisation Network (GDSN) mandate the use of GLNs to identify each party that provides information to any data pool and who requires information about products and locations.
Electronic Product Code Information Services (EPCIS) uses GLN to identify involved parties, read points and business locations for capturing and sharing visibility data. For example, a mobile location identified by a GLN can be tracked using the EPCIS standard.

2.4.2 Identification of a physical location

Application description The following GS1 Application Identifiers enable the identification of a physical location using a data carrier present at the location itself: AI (414) Physical location

AI (254) GLN extension component
AI (414) Physical location

The GLN can be used to identify a physical location represented in a data carrier on the location itself. Physical locations may, for example, be a room, a door of a warehouse, an x-ray room in a hospital, or a control point.

The element string may be used to record and confirm presence at a given location for any purpose. An equivalent field will hold this information in electronic messages. AI (254) GLN extension component Business processes cause objects (e.g., products, assets, or other equipment) to move from one physical location to another. The ability to have visibility of these movements is an essential element in any supply chain. These physical locations can be a site such as a distribution centre or a specific location within the site such as a selling floor, a room in a hospital or a yard of a warehouse;

it can even be as granular as a specific area on a shelf. The GLN extension component may be used to identify internal physical locations within a location identified with a GLN, known as sub-locations. A company can alternatively choose to assign a unique GLN, without an extension component, to identify these sub-locations.

The figure below provides an example of how GLN extension component may be used.

Figure 2-5 Physical locations in a logistic process

Important: A GLN extension component SHALL only be used in conjunction with a GLN identifying a physical

location.

The GLN extension component SHALL only be used in applications where there is mutual

agreement between all involved trading partners and where the standard being used supports the GLN extension component. If the GLN + GLN extension component are used to identify locations within the site, each sub-
location identification SHALL follow the GLN Management Rule defined in the GS1 GLN Allocation

Rules Standard. GS1 key Required GLN

Rules

GLN rules described in section 4.5. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional The GS1 Application Identifier (254) may be used to represent the GLN extension component in conjunction with AI (414).

For more information, see section 3.2 for the list of GS1 Application Identifiers. Rules See section 4.13 Data relationships for definitions of invalid pairs and mandatory associations of element strings.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices The GS1 data carriers that can be used to represent the GLN or GLN + GLN extension component are: GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When EPC/RFID is used as an additional data carrier and when there is a business need, the associated barcode can also carry a GLN extension component (AI (254)). In that case, the value of AI (414) and AI (254) in the EPC/RFID tag and associated barcode SHALL be the same (see section 4.15.1).

Note: The GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS) defines the SGLN as a Global Location Number (GLN), with or without the optional extension AI (254), which is used to identify physical locations. Examples of such locations include a specific building or unit of shelving within a warehouse. For more information on EPC/RFID carriers see the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS).

Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.9, GS1 symbol specification table 9. When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.4.3 Physical locations in business processes

Application description The following GS1 Application Identifiers enable the specification of a physical location on a label or document, relative to its role in a business process:

AI (410) Ship to - Deliver to

AI (413) Ship for - Deliver for
AI (416) Production or service location
AI (410) Ship to - Deliver to An element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (410) represents the Global Location Number (GLN) of the recipient of a logistic unit. The GLN refers to the address where a particular transport unit identified with an SSCC is to be delivered. This element string is used in single leg transport operations. A logistic unit may include a barcode carrying the GLN of the unit’s intended destination.

When scanning this element string, the data transmitted may be used to retrieve the related address and/or to sort the item by destination. AI (413) Ship for - Deliver for An element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (413) is used by the consignee for determining the internal or subsequent final destination of a physical unit.

Cross docking is a typical application using this element string. Here, a barcode carrying the element string AI (410) is placed on a logistic unit at the point of creation to direct the goods to the intermediate destination (e.g., a distribution centre). The element string AI (413) is also carried by the barcode to direct the goods to their final destination (e.g., a retail store served by the distribution centre).

Figure 2-6 Example of a cross docking application

AI (416) GLN of the production or service location An element string with a GS1 Application Identifier AI (416) represents the Global Location Number (GLN) of the production or service location. It may for example be used to specify the location where a trade item or asset was produced or refurbished.

GS1 key Required GLN Rules All GLN rules described in section 4.5. Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification If the GLN is carried in a barcode or EPC/RFID tag on a product, the rules for trade item applications apply, see section 2.1.

If the GLN is carried in a barcode on a GS1 Logistics Label, the rules for logistic unit applications apply, see section 2.2. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.4.4 Identification of a party

Application description GS1 Application Identifier (417) enables the identification of a party using a data carrier. AI (417) Party GLN The GLN can be used to identify a party represented in a data carrier on documents, locations, or other places where value could be added. Parties may, for example, legal entity, government body, accounting department, or other business function.

The element string may be used to record and confirm presence of a party for any purpose. An equivalent field will hold this information in electronic messages. GS1 key Required GLN Rules All GLN Rules described in section 4.5.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For more information, see section 3.2 for the list of GS1 Application Identifiers. Rules See section 4.13 Data relationships. Data carrier specification Carrier choices The GS1 data carriers that can be used to represent the GLN are:

GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)

Note: For location marking barcodes may be printed at a higher maximum X-dimension: GS1-128 at 1.016 mm (0.0400 inches), GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code at 1.520 mm (0.0600 inches). Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.4.5 Parties in business processes

Application description The following GS1 Application Identifiers enable the specification of a party on a label or document, relative to its role in a business process: AI (411) Bill to - Invoice to

AI (412) Purchased From
AI (415) Invoicing Party
AI (703*) Approval Number of processor (with ISO country code '999')
AI (411) Bill to – Invoice to An element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (411) represents the Global Location Number (GLN) of the addressee of an invoice. The GLN refers to the name and address of the business partner to which an entity shall be invoiced and includes accounting-related information that may be used wherever required.

AI (412) Purchased from In business it is sometimes important to know from where a particular item was purchased. Applied on a trade item, an element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (412) provides the Global Location Number (GLN) of the company from which the respective trade item has been purchased.

AI (415) Invoicing party An element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (415) is used to indicate the Global Location Number (GLN) of the invoicing party. The GLN is mandatory information for the payment slip application (see section 2.6.6).

AI (703*) Number of processor An element string with GS1 Application Identifier (703s) represents the ISO country code and approval number or GLN of the processor of a trade item. If ‘999’ is entered as the ISO country code it signifies that the subsequent data is a Global Location Number (GLN), and not an ‘approval number’.

As an attribute of a trade item the number of processor must be processed together with the GTIN of the trade item to which it relates. See section 3.8.17 for more information. GS1 key Required GLN Rules All GLN rules described in section 4.5.

Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification If the GLN is carried in a barcode on a GS1 Logistic Label, the rules for logistic unit applications apply, see section 2.2. If the GLN is carried in a barcode on a payment slip the rules for the payment slips application apply, see section 2.6.6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.5 Service relationships

Application description The Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) is a non-significant number used to identify the relationship between an organisation offering services and the individual entities providing or benefitting from the services. The GSRN provides unique and unambiguous identification. It is the key to accessing information, stored on computer systems, relevant to service(s) provided and received and in some cases, these services could be recurring. The GSRN may also be used for referencing information transferred via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

When using the GSRN, often two types of relationships may need to be captured in one transaction: 1. The relationship between the organisation offering the service and the actual recipient of the service.

The relationship between the organisation offering the service and the actual provider of the service. It should be noted that the GSRN is not meant to identify a single service as a trade item, neither is it used to identify a physical unit as a trade item. It may identify a physical unit for service purposes (e.g., a computer with a service agreement).

2.5.1 Global Service Relation Number – Provider: AI (8017)

An element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (8017) represents the Global Service Relation Number of a relationship between the organisation offering the service and the provider of the service. Some examples of how the GSRN can be used to identify the service relationships are:

A medical procedure, where it could be used to identify an individual medical provider by role.

For identification of the individual provider of care, the hospital or the appropriate authority generates a GSRN with AI (8017) for each of its caregivers and encodes it in an appropriate GS1 Data carrier (barcode) symbol on the caregiver’s ID card, work station, work order, etc. In this case, the GSRN would ensure non-significant identification management, securing identification uniqueness and also allowing linkage to local rule management systems.

A service agreement, where it could be used to manage agreed upon services, such as

maintenance services for a television or computer.

A loyalty program required to identify the service relationship between the loyalty program and

the service provider (i.e. company providing merchandise due to use of loyalty points).

A hospital administration can identify the service relationship between hospital and the doctor,

nurses, etc.

GS1 key Required GSRN The GS1 Application Identifiers to indicate, Global Service Relation Number(GSRN) are AI (8017) and AI (8018), see section 3.2 Rules All GSRN rules described in section 4.6.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional AI (7241) AIDC media type, section 3.2 AI (7242) Version Control Number (VCN), section 3.2 AI (7253) Family name of person, section 3.2 AI (7254) Given name of person, section 3.2 AI (7255) Name suffix of person, section 3.2 AI (7256) Full name of person, section 3.2 AI (8019) Service Relation Instance Number, section 3.2 AI (8030) Digital Signature (DigSig), section 3.2 Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carrier choices for this application are:

GS1 DataBar Expanded

GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

See section 5.12.3.11, GS1 symbol specification table 11 Symbol placement No standard placement is required. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.5.2 Global Service Relation Number – Recipient: AI (8018)

An element string with GS1 Application Identifier AI (8018) represents the Global Service Relation Number of a relationship between the organisation offering the service and the recipient of the service. Some examples of how the GSRN can be used to identify the service relationships are:

A hospital admission, where it could be used to identify a subject of care globally and uniquely

for AIDC purposes and establish an identification uniqueness that does not harm privacy. For identification of the subject of care (patient) the hospital generates a GSRN with AI (8018) for each of its patients and encodes it in an appropriate GS1 Data carrier (barcode) on the patient's wristband as well as his or her corresponding medical record, pathology samples, etc. The GSRN may then be used as the key to link multiple or specific instances of treatment, room charges, medical tests and patient charges.

A membership in a frequent flyer programme, where it could be used to record awards, claims

and preferences.

A membership in a loyalty scheme, where it could be used to record visits, purchase value and

awards.

A membership in a club, where it could be used for recording entitlements, use of facilities and

subscriptions.

A loyalty program required to identify the service relationship between the loyalty program and

the recipient of the loyalty program (the end user or customer who earns loyalty points).

Patient admission to a hospital can identify the service relationship between the hospital and the

patient.

Utility networks, such as those providing electricity, gas or water, where it could be used to

identify the relationship between network service providers and suppliers of utility products.

A GSRN could be used to give students access to other libraries that have formed a cooperative

lending agreement. A typical application is the identification of membership in a student library.

The library would issue all members a card that includes a unique GSRN identifying the relationship between the library and a student. The library would then scan the GSRN whenever a book was lent or returned. The Electronic Message from the scanner would then be used to automatically update the library’s stock management database. See the figure below for an example of how the service relationship identifier would appear on this membership card.

Figure 2-7 Example of GSRN on a membership card

GS1 key Required GSRN See section 3.2, Global Service Relation Number AI (8017) and AI (8018) for the definition of the GS1 Application Identifier. Rules See section 4.6, GSRN rules.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional AI (8019) Service Relation Instance Number, section 3.2 AI (7241) AIDC media type, section 3.2 AI (7242) Version Control Number, section 3.2 AI (8030) Digital Signature (DigSig), section 3.2 AI (7250) Date of birth, section 3.2 AI (7251) Date and time of birth, section 3.2 AI (7252) Biological sex, section 3.2 AI (7253) Family name of person, section 3.2 AI (7254) Given name of person, section 3.2 AI (7255) Name suffix of person, section 3.2 AI (7256) Full name of person, section 3.2 AI (7257) Address of person, section 3.2 AI (7258) Baby birth sequence indicator, section 3.2 AI (7259) Baby of family name, section 3.2 Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carrier choices for this application are:

GS1 DataBar Expanded

GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked
GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

2.5.3 Service Relation Instance Number: AI (8019)

A service provider or a service recipient can be identified with a Global Service Relation Number (GSRN), using AI (8017) and (8018) respectively. If the service provider or recipient identification needs to, optionally, be made more granular with a sequence indicator corresponding to each encounter during the service relationship, attribute data in the form of a Service Relation Instance Number (SRIN AI (8019), see section 3.2), may be added.

For example, when a GSRN is encoded to a data carrier and applied to a patient wristband to identify the patient as a recipient of care, each SRIN linked to the patient’s GSRN can correspond to a specific instance or encounter within an episode of care for that patient. For treatments which may require multiple instances of care and a record to be captured for each instance, such as for chemotherapies, the SRIN linked to the GSRN may be used. Furthermore, when a product or service is administered (e.g., a particular treatment is given) it can easily be associated with the patient and the corresponding instance of care, by scanning the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) of the product or service, then associating it to the patient’s GSRN and the related SRIN, as well as the caregiver’s GSRN.

Important: Prior to the development of the Version Control Number (VCN) AI (7242), the SRIN could also be optionally used with a GSRN as a sequence indicator for version control purposes. Use of the SRIN in this manner is only possible when there are no other requirements to further qualify and identify a specific instance of service. For new version control requirements, the VCN SHALL be used instead of the SRIN (see section 3.8.24).

2.5.4 Supporting the verification or validation of a subject of care (patient)

Application description The Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) AI (8018) and additional attributes as detailed in Section 2.5.4 can be used to support the verification and validation of the subject of care (patient) through various allowed application identifier combinations. Additional application identifier combinations can also provide a mechanism to determine the various episodes of care provided during the course of treatment.

Important Patient Privacy Note: As GS1 does not allocate a globally unique identifier for patients and no patient data is stored and maintained by GS1, patient identification and privacy responsibility SHALL remain with the organisation delivering the care and identifying the relationship between its care providers and patients.

GS1 key Required GSRN The GS1 Application Identifiers to indicate: Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) AI (8018) for Subject of Care Identity Validation, see section 3.2 Rules All GSRN rules described in section 4.6 Attributes Required Not applicable Optional Subject of Care Identity Validation AI (8019) Service Relation Instance Number, section 3.2 AI (7241) AIDC media type, section 3.2 AI (7242) Version Control Number, section 3.2 AI (7250) Date of birth, section 3.2 AI (7251) Date and time of birth, section 3.2 AI (7252) Biological sex, section 3.2 AI (7253) Family name of person, section 3.2 AI (7254) Given name of person, section 3.2 AI (7255) Name suffix of person, section 3.2 AI (7256) Full name of person, section 3.2 AI (7257) Address of person, section 3.2 AI (7258) Baby birth sequence indicator, section 3.2 AI (7259) Baby of family name, section 3.2 Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carrier choice for this application is:

GS1 DataMatrix

Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.11, GS1 symbol specification table 11 Symbol placement No standard placement is required. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.5.5 Use of demographic data to support verification or validation of personal identity

Application description The use of demographic information is an additional mechanism to support the validation and verification of both the subject of care (patient) and provider of care (caregiver) in a consistent way.

When used alongside both the Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) and optionally the Service Relation Instance Number (SRIN) as well this information provides greater surety of identity.

Demographic information refers to all non-clinical data about a subject of care (patient) or provider of care (caregiver), including: family name, given name, date of birth, address, biological sex and more.

Subject of care (patient) and provider of care (caregiver) demographic data is typically stored in Electronic Health Record (EHR), Electronic Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Patient Record (EPR) systems within a hospital healthcare environment.

Important Patient Privacy Note: As GS1 does not allocate a globally unique identifier for patients and no patient or caregiver data is stored and maintained by GS1, patient and caregiver identification and privacy responsibility SHALL remain with the organisation delivering the care and identifying the relationship between its care providers and patients.

GS1 key Required GSRN The GS1 Application Identifiers to indicate: Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) are AI (8017) for Provider of Care Identity Validation and AI (8018) for Subject of Care Identity Validation, see section 3.2 Rules All GSRN rules described in section 4.6 Attributes Required Not applicable Optional Provider of Care Identity Validation AI (8019) Service Relation Instance Number, section 3.2 AI (7241) AIDC media type, section 3.2 AI (7242) Version Control Number, section 3.2 AI (7253) Family name of person, section 3.2 AI (7254) Given name of person, section 3.2 AI (7255) Name suffix of person, section 3.2 AI (7256) Full name of person, section 3.2 Subject of Care Identity Validation AI (8019) Service Relation Instance Number, section 3.2 AI (7241) AIDC media type, section 3.2 AI (7242) Version Control Number, section 3.2 AI (7250) Date of birth, section 3.2 AI (7251) Date and time of birth, section 3.2 AI (7252) Biological sex, section 3.2 AI (7253) Family name of person, section 3.2 AI (7254) Given name of person, section 3.2 AI (7255) Name suffix of person, section 3.2 AI (7256) Full name of person, section 3.2 AI (7257) Address of person, section 3.2 AI (7258) Baby birth sequence indicator, section 3.2 AI (7259) Baby of family name, section 3.2 Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carrier choice for this application are:

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code

2.6 Special applications

2.6.1 Coupons

A coupon is a digital or paper-based voucher that can be redeemed at the point-of-sale for a cash value or free item. Coupon identification is organised at the local level. Determining the data structure of a coupon is, therefore, the responsibility of the GS1 Member Organisations for their area of jurisdiction.

The purpose of coupon numbering and symbol marking is to automate and speed up coupon handling procedures at the point-of-sale. Moreover, coupon issuers and retailers may be able to reduce the costs involved in sorting coupons, administering manufacturers’ payments and producing reports on redemption.

All GS1 system coupon standards presented here allow for coupon validation (e.g., to check whether the item(s) covered by the coupon is within the customer’s order). If either validation or value look up is performed, manufacturers must advise their distributors and retailers of the impending issue of a coupon so that retailers’ files can be updated to process the information at the point-of-sale.

A GS1 system coupon number is used for numbering promotional coupons for manufacturers and retailers as well as tokens with monetary value, such as gift tokens, book tokens, food stamps, luncheon vouchers and social security tokens.

The structure of GS1 system coupon numbers ensures uniqueness against all other GS1 system numbers only when used within the monetary area of the appropriate GS1 Member Organisation(s).

2.6.2 Coupons identified using the Global Coupon Number

2.6.2.1 Paper coupons

Application description A paper coupon is a physical representation that is distributed and presented in hard-copy form, and can be exchanged for a financial discount or for loyalty points when making a purchase.

Paper coupons may be identified by a Global Coupon Number (GCN) assigned by the coupon issuer. The GCN comprises a GS1 Company Prefix followed by a coupon reference. It may be supplemented by an optional serial number.

Before implementing the Global Coupon Number to identify paper coupons, it is advised that the issuer of the coupons confirm the acceptance of the Global Coupon Number with their trading partners. Several options exist for coupons with restricted geographic distribution that may be preferred method of identifying coupons, see section 2.6.3.

GS1 key Required GCN The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Global Coupon Number (GCN) is AI (255) (see section 3.2). Rules All the GCN application rules described in section 4.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional To provide additional information to the Global Coupon Number, the following AIs can be used: AI (17) Expiration date, AI (390N) Coupon value – Single monetary area or AI (394n) Percentage discount of a coupon or AI (8111) Loyalty points of a coupon (see section 3).

For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with an GCN, see section 3.2 Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1 DataBar Symbol placement Not applicable Examples Example 1 Coupon with GCN Coupon barcode contains AI (255) GCN (serialised) which serves as database access to all relevant coupon data.

Example 2 Coupon with GCN and free gift amount Coupon barcode contains AI (255) GCN (serialised) and AI (3900) AMOUNT with value “000” which indicates a free gift. In order to process this coupon value correctly as free gift the till software needs to be adjusted accordingly.

Example 3 Coupon with GCN, expiration date and coupon value Coupon barcode contains AI (255) GCN, AI (17) EXPIRY and AI (3902) AMOUNT (two decimals) Example 4 Coupon with GCN and loyalty points Coupon barcode contains AI (255) GCN (serialised) and AI (8111) POINTS Example 5 Coupon with GCN and percentage discount Coupon barcode contains AI (255) GCN and AI (3941) PRCNT OFF (one decimal)

2.6.2.2 Digital coupons

Application description A digital coupon is an electronic presentation that is distributed and presented without manifesting as “paper” or in other hard-copy form and can be exchanged for a financial discount or for loyalty points when making a purchase. GS1 global standards enable efficient digital coupon processes for the benefit of:

Brands who can execute offers in the same way in multiple countries and with multiple retailers. Brands can have more relevant/targeted marketing and campaign opportunities tied to specific factors (ex. Location, consumer, products, interest and interaction with media).

Mobile industry and solution providers who will have a baseline and one standard to implement rather than multiple. Retailers who can accept offers from coupon issuers in one rather than multiple ways and can understand how to configure (and possibly upgrade) the POS system. Retailers can also accept digital coupons acquired from multiple distributions channels, process them in a uniform and standard way, and integrate where appropriate with their loyalty system.

Consumers who will have a consistent and a satisfying experience when they manage their coupon offers (digital coupons are searchable, sort-able, allowing customers to browse by merchant, category, offer date and other criteria).

The following diagram illustrates the digital coupon management process. The process is specified in detail in the Digital Coupon Management Standard Specification Document.

Figure 2-8 Digital coupon management process

2.6.2.2.1 Relation with existing coupon specifications

The digital coupons specification will co-exist in the foreseeable future with coupon specifications described in section 2.6.3 that are restricted to national or common currency regional applications specified by the respective GS1 Member Organisations.

2.6.2.2.2 Identification requirements for digital coupons

The digital coupon management process specifies the following identification requirements: Parties, e.g., offer issuer, digital coupon enabler, retailer, SHALL be identified with a GLN.

Digital coupons are always related to offers and promotions on products or services. Products as
well as services SHALL be identified with a GTIN.

Digital coupons may be managed in conjunction with loyalty cards. If appropriate, consumer

loyalty cards accounts may be identified with a GSRN.

Digital coupons SHALL be identified by a Global Coupon Number assigned by the coupon issuer. The GCN comprises a GS1 Company Prefix followed by a coupon reference. It may be supplemented by an optional serial number.

GS1 key Required GCN The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Global Coupon Number (GCN) is AI (255) (see section 3.2 for a list of all GS1 Application Identifiers). Rules All the GCN Application Rules described in section 4.

Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with an GCN, see section 3.2. Data carrier specification Carrier choices Data carrier specifications for the GCN were out of scope and therefore not addressed when this standard was developed. Local implementations may choose to use the GS1 DataBar to carry the coupon identifier, as it is the only carrier that is capable of holding the identifier structure that is approved for POS use within the GS1 system.

Symbol placement Not applicable

2.6.3 Coupons with restricted geographic distribution

2.6.3.1 General rule

GS1 system coupon identification specifications are flexible and have been designed to cater to current and future requirements. Due to the nature of coupon numbering, a range of national solutions is offered, each of which is defined by the respective GS1 Member Organisation. National coupon solutions are not unique worldwide and must be operated in the restricted area defined by the GS1 Member Organisation.

In the interest of consistency and to avoid misinterpretation by equipment vendors, when defining national specifications, GS1 Member Organisations SHOULD include appropriate mention of all GS1 system coupon data structures.

Coupon reference numbers must not be reused for a period of three years.

2.6.3.2 Recommendation on allocating coupon reference numbers

The exact method used to allocate GS1 system coupon reference numbers is left to the discretion of the issuing organisation. However, the GS1 US Coupon Code must be unique for each individual promotion. For ease of administration, coupon reference numbers SHOULD be allocated sequentially.

2.6.3.3 Coupon identification for restricted geographic distribution (GS1 Prefix 99)

Application description A coupon is a voucher with a cash value that is deducted at the point-of-sale. It is sometimes associated with a specific trade item. Coupon identification is organised on a national level and is therefore not unique worldwide. The specification of the coupon data structure in the element string is the responsibility of each GS1 Member Organisation. The internationally agreed standard for GS1 system coupon numbers is shown below.

GS1 Prefix	Coupon data	Check digit
(structure determined by GS1 Member Organisation)
9 9	N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13

The GS1 Prefix 99 denotes the element string for GS1 coupon identification. The structure of the coupon data field is determined according to the needs of a particular country. Mandatory components are the coupon issuer number and the coupon reference number. Other useful data are the redemption value in real or encoded format and codes for the decimal point or tax rates.

The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the data corresponds with the verification rules. The data transmitted from the barcode reader means that the data of a coupon has been captured.

Processing of coupons at a point-of-sale usually consists of validity checks and deduction of its value. Within this agreed standard for GS1 system coupon numbers, each GS1 Member Organisation is free to develop a national coupon solution. Four recommended structures provide a degree of equipment standardisation. These recommended structures are shown in Table 2-31.

Table 2-31 Recommended coupon data structures

GS1 Prefix	Recommended coupon data structures (exact structure	Check digit
determined by GS1 Member Organisation)
9 9	Y Y Y Y R R R V V V	C
9 9	Y Y Y R R R V V V V	C
9 9	Y Y Y Y Y R R R T T	C
9 9	Y Y Y Y Y R R R R R	C
Y = Coupon issuer number (issued by the GS1 Member Organisation). R = Coupon reference number (allocated by a coupon issuer). V = Redemption value. T = Value code (standardised by the GS1 Member Organisation). C = Check digit calculated according to the standard algorithm.

The GS1 Member Organisations or retailers may require that the third digit of the coupon numbers (990 to 999) be programmable in order to cope with specific demands such as: Taxable or non-taxable coupons

Different currencies
Indication of the decimal position
GS1 key

Not applicable Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices EAN-13 Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.6.3.4 GS1 common currency coupon identification (GS1 Prefixes 981 to 983)

A coupon is a voucher with a cash value that is deducted at the point-of-sale. It is sometimes associated with a specific trade item. Coupon identification is normally organised on a national level using the GS1 Prefix 99. However, for a common currency area, coupon identification is organised between participating countries. Determining the coupon data structure in the element string is the responsibility of all the GS1 Member Organisations in the common currency area. The GS1 Prefixes 981 to 983 have been released for use with coupons expressing a value in a common currency.

The structure of the coupon data positions is determined according to the needs of a particular set of countries. Mandatory components are the coupon issuer number and the coupon reference number. Further useful data is the redemption value in real or encoded format and numbers for the decimal point or tax rates.

The check digit is explained in section 7.9. Its verification, carried out automatically by the barcode reader, ensures that the data corresponds with the verification rules. The internationally agreed standard for GS1 common currency coupon codes is shown below.

GS1 Prefix	Coupon data	Check digit
(structure determined by GS1 MOs in common currency area)
9 8 1 - 9 8 3	N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13

Within this structure, GS1 Member Organisations in a common currency area SHOULD develop a common coupon solution that is valid throughout the common currency area.

2.6.3.5 Use of GS1 common currency coupon code for the euro

Application description At present the only application of GS1 Prefixes 981, 982 and 983 is for the euro. Within the euro area, coupon issuer numbers are administered by: GS1 Global Office Avenue Louise 523 1050 Brussels Belgium Contact: helpdesk@gs1.org

Table 2-32 Coupon data structure in the euro area

GS1 Prefix	Coupon data	Check digit
9 8 1	Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4	R1 R2	E E , E	C
9 8 2	Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4	R1 R2	E , E E	C
9 8 3	Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4	R1 R2	E , E E	C
Y = Coupon issuer number (issued by a GS1 Member Organisation). R = Coupon reference number (allocated by a coupon issuer). E = Redemption value (expressed in euro); value 000 indicates free gift. C = Check digit calculated according to the standard algorithm.

Note: The only difference between the two structures is the position of the implied decimal point. GS1 key Not applicable Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices EAN-13 Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Processing of coupons at a point-of-sale usually consists of validity checks and deduction of its value.

2.6.3.6 Coupon code identification for use in North America AI (8110)

Application description This GS1 Application Identifier (AI) replaced the U.P.C. Prefix 5 system in 2011. The AI (8110) system is in use for paper coupons only. See GS1 US for the North American Coupon Application Guideline using GS1 DataBar Expanded Symbols for detailed information on GS1 US coupon code data content.

2.6.3.7 Positive offer file coupon code identification for use in North America AI (8112)

Application description See GS1 US for the North American coupon application guideline for detailed information on GS1 US coupon code data content. When a traditional AI (8110) paper coupon transaction occurs at point-of-sale, the data string elements are used to convey the purchase requirement and savings value so that the coupon can be processed accordingly. It is not possible to reliably validate a specific list of GTINs or systematically ensure serialised coupons are not used more than once across retailers. The use of AI (8112) prompts point-of-sale systems to make a call-out to an external positive offer file that maintains offer details that retailer point-of-sale systems use to validate the offer and expire it to prevent further use. AI (8112) can be used with paperless or paper offers if the offer details have properly been set up with the positive offer file.

2.6.4 Refund receipts

Application description Refund receipts are vouchers produced to automate payment for returned empty containers. Refund receipts automate and expedite the handling of empty containers (e.g., bottles, crates) that have a refund value in a retail store.

When customers return empty containers (that have a refund value), the containers have to be checked and valued. This process can be done manually or by automated equipment capable of handling empty containers. When the returned containers have been valued, a refund receipt is printed and given to the customer. The customer presents the refund receipt at the store checkout, and the corresponding amount is refunded in cash or deducted from the customer's bill.

An EAN-13 barcode can be printed on the refund receipt to encode the required data including a security number and the monetary value. The structure of refund receipts ensures uniqueness against all other GS1 system ID numbers only when used within the restricted environment defined by the appropriate GS1 Member Organisation.

The GS1 Prefix 980 has been released for use with refund receipt data. The internationally agreed standard for GS1 system refund receipt data is shown below.

GS1 Prefix	Refund receipt data	Check digit
(structure determined by GS1 Member Organisation)
9 8 0	N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12	N13

Within this structure, each GS1 Member Organisation develops its own national refund receipt solution. The recommended structure shown below provides some degree of equipment standardisation.

GS1 Prefix	Recommended structure	Check digit
9 8 0	S S S S S V V V V	C
S = Security number. This number is used to provide some security in the handling of the refund receipt. For example, it consists of a sequential number, which is incremented by 1, for each ticket generated. In this case, the point-of-sale system will be able to recognise a refund receipt that had already been refunded. The security number can also include a two-digit machine number and a three-digit sequential number, in the case where several machines are available to the customers at the same location. V = Monetary value of the refund. The scale factor (decimal places) will depend on the currency used. C = Check digit. Calculated according to the standard algorithm

GS1 key Required Not applicable Rules Refund receipt specifications are flexible and have been designed to cater for current and future requirements. Due to the nature of refund receipt identification, several national solutions are offered, each of which is defined by the respective GS1 Member Organisation. National refund receipt solutions are not unique worldwide and must be operated in the restricted circulation defined by the GS1 Member Organisation.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices EAN-13 Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1. Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.6.5 Electronic serial identifier for cellular mobile telephones (CMTI): AI (8002)

Application description The purpose of an electronic serial identifier, AI (8002), for cellular mobile telephones (CMTI) is to uniquely identify a cellular phone within a given jurisdiction.

The information from the barcode can be used to automate and speed up the capture of CMTIs. CMTIs are usually assigned by a national or pluri-national authority. Issuing authorities must ensure that the electronic serial identifier is unique for each cellular phone. However, because electronic serial identifiers are assigned by different issuing authorities, they are not unique worldwide. An electronic serial identifier, AI (8002), is assigned by the appropriate national or pluri-national body and can be carried by a barcode placed directly on the cellular phone. The electronic serial identifier, AI (8002), is unique for each cellular telephone within the jurisdiction of the issuing body.

Important: With the addition of the application standard for identification for activation of mobile devices/equipment in August 2025, see section 2.1.16, this application standard is considered a legacy practice and SHALL NOT be used for future applications.

GS1 key Not applicable Attributes Required See section 3.2, Cellular mobile telephone identifier: AI (8002). Optional Not applicable Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1-128 Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.6.6 Payment slips

Application description A payment slip is that part of a paper invoice used to facilitate payment. Payment slips cover a wide range of payment demands, such as telephone bills, electricity bills and insurance renewals. The payment slip is normally issued by a service provider (the invoicing party) to a final customer (the invoicee) and represents a payment demand. Normally the payment slip would outline in non-HRI text:

Details of the customer

Details of the service provider
A detailed invoice for the service(s) provided
A reference number
The amount payable
The payment conditions (e.g., pay before date, where to pay)
GS1 key

Not applicable Attributes Required Global Location Number of the invoicing party – The GS1 Application Identifier (AI) to

indicate the Global Location Number (GLN) of the invoicing party is AI (415), see section 3.2.

The GLN of the invoicing party identifies the issuer of the payment slip. It is used as a key to access database information about the invoicing party (normally held by the payment receiving agency). The same GLN is used for all payment slips issued by the invoicing party under identical payment conditions. The GLN of the invoicing party is used by the payment receiving agency to reference the characteristics of the contract with the invoicing party, such as:

Whether the payment can be accepted.

Contact details of the invoicing party.
Action to take if the due date has expired.
Transfer arrangement of funds to the invoicing party’s bank.
A different GLN SHALL be used whenever the payment conditions are different. For more information, see section 4. International Bank Account Number (IBAN): AI (8007) – The GS1 Application Identifier to
indicate the International Bank Account Number (IBAN) is AI (8007), see section 3.2.

The bank account identifier of the invoicing party is defined in ISO 13616. It is used to identify where to send the payment and, in the receiving country, which bank holds the account for international bank payment.

Payment slip reference number: AI (8020) – The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate a

payment slip reference number is AI (8020), see section 3.2.

By their nature, payment slips need to be individually tailored for the invoicee and, therefore, require a unique reference number, the payment slip reference number, AI (8020). Reminder notices SHOULD use the same number as the original notice. The payment slip reference number, AI (8020), is issued by the invoicing party and is a unique number in the system.

Payment slip reference numbers, AI (8020), SHOULD be sequentially allocated. The payment slip reference number, AI (8020), uniquely identifies the payment slip when used in conjunction with the Global Location Number (GLN) of the invoicing party. It is used to communicate details of payment among all the partners involved: invoicing party, invoicee, payment receiving agency and banks. It is also used to access locally held information.

Amount payable – There are two GS1 Application Identifiers to indicate the amount payable:

AI (390n) = amount payable for a single monetary area, see section 3.2.
AI (391n) = amount payable with ISO three-digit currency code, see section 3.2.
(n = indicates the implied decimal point position)

If the amount payable is expressed in a barcode, AI (391n) should be used, as this ensures the currency of the payment can be automatically processed and verified by the system. However, if the currency is unambiguously implied by the system, AI (390n) may be used. To avoid ambiguity, only one AI encoding the amount payable SHALL be used, and the currency must be clearly indicated in human readable form.

Scanning systems should have the facility to override the amount payable. This functionality is required should the invoicee wish to make the minimum required payment, which could be less than the total amount due. The amount due is attribute information and, when used, must be processed with the Global Location Number (GLN) of the invoicing party.

Due date for amount on payment slip – The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the due date

is AI (12), see section 3.2.

The due date indicates the date by which the invoice should be paid (by the invoicee). It is attribute information and, when used, must be processed with the Global Location Number (GLN) of the invoicing party.

Note: The due date must be represented in the YYMMDD format in the barcode; however, the human readable interpretation can be presented in whatever form is appropriate. Optional Not applicable Rules See section 4.13.2, Mandatory association of element strings.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1-128 Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4. Symbol placement No standard placement. The figure below is an example.

Figure 2-9 Example of numbering and symbol marking for payment slips

Note: (415) 5412345678908 – AI (415) indicates the Global Location Number (GLN) of the

invoicing party. The GLN is a fixed length 13-digit number terminated by a standard check digit.

The rules for allocating GLNs ensure that this number is unique worldwide. GLNs are used by the payment receiving agent to distinguish between payment slips that can and cannot be accepted.

(12) 010425 – AI (12) indicates the due date by which the payment should made. The due

date is always encoded YYMMDD; however, other formats may be used for the human readable interpretation equivalent. The use of the due date is optional, but if used, the payment receiving agent and the invoicing party SHOULD agree about what action will be taken if the due date has expired.

(3911) 710125 – AI (3911) indicates the amount payable with ISO currency number. From

ISO 4217, “710” indicates South African Rand. It is strongly recommended to use the ISO currency number when encoding this optional data element. The fourth digit of this AI is the decimal point indicator. For example, the digit 1 in this position would indicate one digit after the decimal point; a 2 would indicate two digits after the decimal point.

(8020) ABC123 – AI (8020) indicates the payment slip reference number. The payment slip

reference number, AI (8020), is a mandatory data element for this application. It is processed with the GLN of the invoicing party and provides a unique reference for all communications between the payment agent and the invoicing party. Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.6.7 Customer specific articles

2.6.7.1 Introduction

The GS1 system guidelines for trade items (see section 2.1) state that each item of trade is assigned a non-significant number that uniquely identifies the item in an unrestricted environment.

The same number is used to identify a series of identical items, with every variant being allocated a separate unique identification number whenever the variation is apparent and significant between partners in the supply chain or to the final user.

This system enables the use of Automatic Data Capture (ADC) and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in an open environment, globally. However, in several business sectors, because of the vast number of possible manifestations of certain made-to-order articles, pre-allocation of Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) at the lowest level is not feasible.

For organisations that trade in such made-to-order products, GS1 in association with trade representatives has developed the following guidelines. They have been designed to improve supply chain efficiency by enabling ADC and efficient ordering via EDI.

These guidelines are fully compatible with, and should be treated as a special case of, the GS1 system recommendations for the numbering and symbol marking of trade items.

2.6.7.2 Application overview

2.6.7.2.1 Definition

A customer specific article (CSA) is broadly defined as any item where the supplier defines all possible manifestations of the article from which the customer may choose, and pre-allocation of article numbers at the lowest level is not feasible. CSAs are never made for stock, and hence are always made to order. However, made-to-order articles are not necessarily customer specific, but could be standard.

A typical example of a CSA is a chair that is available in 300 different types of upholstery for the seat, back and armrest. This list of available upholstery could also be used for other types of furniture the supplier offers. There are 27,000,000 ordering possibilities for this chair (300 x 300 x 300). Typically, the supplier’s catalogue lists a generic style of chair as well as the 300 different upholstery options. The customer chooses the style of chair and selects upholstery for the seat, back and armrest.

On receipt of order, the supplier produces the customer specific chair and makes it available to the customer. Because the supplier defines the customer’s options, and because the customer must specify his or her choices based on those options, the order contains all the information the supplier requires to manufacture the chair. This example highlights four separate process steps:

The supplier makes available all the possible manifestations of an article.

The customer specifies the actual article required using the supplier catalogue.
The supplier manufactures the article in accordance with the customer’s specifications.
The CSA is delivered.
The GS1 system has formalised this process, enabling efficient Automatic Data Capture (ADC) and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) throughout the supply chain. The CSA data model is based on the assumption that the supplier defines the possible components (either in a paper or electronic catalogue) and the customer specifies the actual article required.

The processes for identifying and ordering the article are dealt with separately. Although these processes are closely related, each requires separate consideration in an open system.

2.6.7.2.2 Customer specific articles data flow

The data flow model is organised on a series of assumptions designed to ensure that the model is independent of the type of article and the sector: It is a generic model. Because many different procedures may be applied by various manufacturers, the generic model is meant to be a general guide. By using this model, companies can communicate in a standard way and (re)organise the automated handling of customer specific article (CSA) specification according to this guideline.

The model assumes that the supplier informs the customer of all available ordering options and specifications. This is achieved by means of an electronic catalogue (see the figure below). From this catalogue the customer can determine which article(s) to order. In the order message the base article number and the chosen specifications are communicated.

B U Y E R	Price Catalogue: Definition of articles Order: Base Article Number+specifications Order confirmation: Assigned Article Number and/or order no. and line no. Despatch advice Assigned Article Number and/or order no. and line no. Invoice Assigned Article Number and/or order no. and line no.	S U P P L I E R

Figure 2-10 Customer Specific Articles - data flow

In the order confirmation, the supplier may confirm that the article ordered can be manufactured (that is, that the buyer has made a correct combination of specifications). This should be the case assuming the customer has up-to-date database information. The order confirmation may also be used to notify the customer of the assigned article number. The assigned article number may be used in all subsequent communications. For example, the despatch advice and invoice messages use the assigned article number and, if required, the order number plus the order line number to establish an unambiguous link with the CSA.

The article produced may not be numbered with a string of numbers representing the base article number plus the applicable specifications (see section 2.6.7.3.8).

2.6.7.3 Allocating system numbers for customer specific articles

2.6.7.3.1 General rule

Each different product must be identified by a unique number. This implies that each variant of a product is assigned a different number. For example, each different size or colour of a garment has its own individual identification number. Article numbers SHOULD be sequentially allocated for this purpose.

2.6.7.3.2 Ordering of customer specific articles

The ordering process of customer specific articles (CSAs), the customer specification process, is based on a supplier’s catalogue definitions. Internal identification systems are often manual and become increasingly complex and prone to error as the number of trading partners increases. In addition, the use of internal codes can be cumbersome, inflexible and prone to duplication among different suppliers. These recommendations, which are based on the open systems principle, seek to avoid internally-based systems. Catalogue products using GS1 system identification numbers are guaranteed to be uniquely identifiable worldwide.

A customer specific articles EANCOM user profile for the price catalogue (PRICAT), orders (ORDERS) and the response to order (ORDRSP) messages have been published that use the numbering system outlined in the following subsections.

2.6.7.3.3 Base article number

A supplier assigned base article number is given to each generic product type for ordering purposes. A GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 is used for this functionality. The GTIN is defined by the supplier and must be unique with respect to all other GS1 system identification numbers. Because it does not identify an item, the base article number will never be carried by a barcode on an article. It is solely used for ordering purposes.

The base article number indicates to the customer that a number of supplier defined questions have to be answered by the customer. These specifications (questions and associated answers), which are relevant to a base article number, are communicated via an electronic catalogue. The specifications available for each different article are defined by the supplier.

2.6.7.3.4 Specifications

Specifications are linked to the different base article numbers for the purposes of ordering. The same specifications may be used with different base article numbers. Specifications fall into one of the categories described in the following subsections.

2.6.7.3.5 Option

An option is a specification with a discrete value that is predefined by the supplier and associated with a base article number. Each option may be identified with a GTIN-12 or GTIN-13. The GTIN is defined by the supplier and must be unique with respect to all other GS1 system identification numbers. An ID number of an option will never be carried by a barcode on an article. It solely is used for communication purposes. Options, such as red leather seat covers may be valid for different base articles.

2.6.7.3.6 Parameter

A parameter is a specification within a range of values (e.g., dimensions) ranging from a minimum to a maximum and including a step size. Each parameter may be identified with a GTIN-12 or GTIN-13. The GTIN is defined by the supplier and must be unique with respect to all other GS1 system identification numbers. The parameter identification will never be carried by a barcode on an article. It is solely used for ordering purposes.

Parameters SHOULD be communicated using the standard EANCOM syntax and SHOULD be related to a base article number.

2.6.7.3.7 Part

A part is a physical article that may also be ordered separately. Parts are identified within Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs). The GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 for the part may be used in association with a base article number to create a composite, an article made up of one or more individual parts. A part may be associated with a number of different base articles.

2.6.7.3.8 External references

An external reference is often required for a customer-designed or custom-made item. External references are specified through a separate, non-EDI communication channel, such as a fax or CAD/CAM drawing. A secondary source can be used to communicate a set of customer-defined specifications (not predefined by the supplier).

2.6.7.3.9 Data carrier

GS1 system identification numbers used to identify customer specific articles (CSAs) for ordering purposes may never be carried by a barcode on the physical article. However, suppliers may wish to utilise barcode scanning as part of the order process. This may be achieved by representing base articles and identification numbers in machine readable form in a paper catalogue. GS1-128 barcodes, utilising an GS1 Application Identifier for internal applications, SHOULD be used for this purpose.

2.6.7.4 Identification of the physical article actually produced

Application description In environments with automated systems the physical article needs to be identified and the identification of the produced article is required in machine readable form (as a barcode). The identification of the physical article must be communicated from the supplier to the customer. Both supplier and customer should be able to use the same identification number and each need to keep a record of this number.

For open systems, the most appropriate identification number is the GTIN-12 or GTIN-13. Identifying a physical article with a GTIN and a barcode allows customer specific articles (CSAs) to be integrated within a system that manages all other items identified using the GS1 system. During order confirmation, the supplier assigns the GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 to the product. It is not necessary to pre-assign numbers to all possible articles, only to those that are actually produced.

GS1 key Required GTIN Rules All the GTIN rules in section 4.2. Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The barcode requirements for customer specific articles (CSAs) are the same as those for trade items. The data carrier used to carry the GS1 system identification number of a physical article SHALL be one of the following:

EAN-13 or UPC-A

ITF-14
GS1-128 (attribute information always uses GS1-128 barcodes)
With CSAs, the choice of data carrier is left to the discretion of the organisation responsible for issuing the GS1 system identification number. Trade items that will be scanned at a point-of-sale always SHOULD be marked using the EAN/UPC symbology. Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.1, GS1 symbol specification table 1.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.6.8 Custom trade item

2.6.8.1 Allocating system numbers for custom trade items

2.6.8.1.1 General rule

Customer specific items, as described in the previous section, (section 2.6.7) are configured from a wide variety of known parameters. Things like colour, size, model and various materials are listed and uniquely identified. A customer specific item is created when a selection is made from each category, sufficient to create the item. Customer specific items may be intended for the end consumer (e.g., furniture) and can be marked with a GTIN and data carrier appropriate for point-of- sale (POS).

Custom made-to-order trade items are different from customer specific items in that they are one- of-a-kind, made-to-order items that are strictly sold from business to business. Their use is approved for the manufacturing and maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) environment. Examples include custom abrasive belts, special adhesives and made-to-order cutting tools needed for a specific machine and cutting application. Their specifications may be called out in a series of blue prints or other technical documents.

Each different product must be identified by a unique number. If a trade item is a stock trade item, it is assigned the appropriate fixed measure GTIN. If any trade item, custom or not, will be scanned at POS, then it must be assigned a GTIN-12, GTIN-8, or GTIN-13 and represented in a barcode symbology approved for POS. At the discretion of the supplier, it is always acceptable to use a GTIN-12, GTIN-8 or GTIN-13 to identify a trade item, whether custom or not. In other words, a supplier or manufacturer is not required to use the method described below to identify a custom item. They may give each and every different trade item a unique GTIN. However, this will deplete their pool of possible GTIN more quickly.

This method of assigning unique product identification uses a base GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 which signifies a GTIN with a variable component (i.e. it is a custom, made-to-order item), followed by a Made-to-Order variation number. The Made-to-Order variation number is a variable length, numeric field up to six digits. This allows each base GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 to be used for 1,000,000 different custom variations. Multiple items, made to the same specifications could have the same combination of the base GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 and Made-to-Order variation number.

2.6.8.1.2 Ordering of custom trade items

A supplier or manufacturer may indicate in their paper or electronic catalogue that certain items can be ordered based on customer specifications. A GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 can be assigned to denote that it is possible to order a customised version of this trade item. However, in this case, no physical item exists. When the order is accepted for the made-to-order custom item, a Made-to-Order Variation number is assigned to this specific version. Multiples of this same item may be ordered at one time. It is the combination of the GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 and the Made-to-Order variation number that uniquely identifies the custom items.

2.6.8.1.3 Custom trade item number

A GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 indicates a variable measure trade item. Additional information is needed to complete the identification of the trade item. A custom trade item number is the combination of a GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 and the Made-to-Order variation number. This combination is used in electronic business transactions and in barcode representation. When many items with the exact same specifications are manufactured at one time, they will each carry the same combination of GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 and Made-to-Order variation number.

2.6.8.1.4 Base GTIN-14

To indicate that a trade item is available in a custom format, a base GTIN-14, indicator digit 9, is used. A base GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 may appear in the supplier’s paper or electronic product catalogue to indicate the possibility of a custom item. This GTIN does not identify a specific trade item, but a general category of possible custom trade items. The description indicates that this is a custom, made-to-order item. A manufacturer may create one GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 to represent any and all made-to-order trade items, or they may assign one for each category of custom items (custom abrasive belts, custom abrasive pads, etc.). Further a manufacturer may choose to create a GTIN-14 indicator digit 9 for sub-categories (custom abrasive belts, 1 to 2 Inches Wide; custom abrasive belts, 2 to 3 inches wide and so on).

2.6.8.1.5 Made-to-Order variation number

Once the specifications for a custom trade item are agreed upon between the customer and the manufacturer, the manufacturer will assign a Made-to-Order variation number to that custom item.

A Made-to-Order variation number is always used with a GTIN-14, indicator digit 9. The Made-to-Order variation number is communicated from the manufacturer to the customer during the Request for Quote/Response to Request for Quote process or on a Purchase Order Acknowledgement or by some other mutually agreed upon method. In a barcode representation, GS1 Application Identifier AI (242) is used to denote a Made-to-Order variation number. The Made- to-Order variation number is numeric and variable length up to, and including, six digits.

A Made-to-Order variation number will never appear alone, but must always be associated with the appropriate GTIN-14, indicator digit 9. Further, a Made-to-Order variation number may not be used with GTIN-8, GTIN-12, GTIN-13 and GTIN-14 indicator digit 1 through 8.

The use of a GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 and a Made-to-Order variation number is only approved for the manufacturing and maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) environment.

2.6.8.1.6 Data carrier

GS1 system identification numbers used to identify custom made-to-order items in the manufacturing, pick, pack, shipping, receiving and inventory management process may be carried by a barcode on the physical article. This may be achieved by representing identification numbers in machine readable form. GS1 barcodes, utilising GS1 Application Identifiers, should be used for this purpose.

2.6.8.2 Identification of the physical article actually produced

Application description In environments with automated systems the physical article needs to be identified and the identification of the produced article is required in machine readable form (e.g., as a barcode). The identification of the physical article must be communicated from the supplier to the customer. Both supplier and customer should be able to use the same identification number and each need to keep a record of this number.

For open systems, the appropriate identification number for a custom trade item is the base GTIN-14 indicator digit 9, followed by a Made-to-Order variation number. During order confirmation, the supplier assigns the Made-to-Order variation number to this version of the product.

Products made to the same specifications can carry the same combination GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 and Made-to-Order variation number. GS1 key Required GTIN Rules The base GTIN-14, indicator digit 9 in combination with the Made-to-Order variation number comprises the key for a custom trade item. The base GTIN-14 is comprised of indicator digit 9, GS1 Company Prefix followed by an item reference and a check digit. The Made-to-Order Variation number is variable length, numeric, up to and including six digits.

Attributes AI (01) is used for the GTIN-14, indicator digit 9, plus AI (242) for the Made-to-Order variation number when the item is considered a trade item. The combination of AI (02) plus AI (242) and AI (37) Count of trade items contained in a logistic unit, is used in conjunction with an (00) Serial Shipping Container Code when marking a logistics unit of custom trade items.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1–128

GS1 DataBar
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality

See section 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4. Symbol placement Not applicable

2.6.9 Global Document Type Identifier for document control

Introduction The Global Document Type Identifier is the GS1 identification key used to identify documents, electronic messages and digital files for the purposes of document control. Any aspect of referenced modification, version control, specific instance recording would fall into the process of document control, either internal or externally with trade partners, where unique identification is required.

The term “document” is applied broadly to cover any paper(s) or digital file(s). The Global Document Type Identifier (GDTI) can be used to identify any type of document including but not limited to:

Commercial documents (e.g., invoice, purchase order)

Documents that infer a right (e.g., proof of ownership)
Documents that infer an obligation (e.g., notification or call for military service)
Identification documents (e.g., driver’s licence, passport)
Digital files
Electronic messages
Application description

Physical documents and electronic messages used in communications with other parties often include a unique number that can be used as a reference. Also, digital files shared with other parties may require a unique identifier to ensure the use of the right type and version. The issuer of the document is normally responsible for the identification of the document.

The GDTI enables issuers to assign globally unique identifiers to documents and, where applicable, to physically mark these on the physical version(s) in barcode or EPC/RFID format.

Examples of documents that can be identified with the GDTI include, but are not limited to: Land registration papers

Tax demands
Proof of shipment/receipt forms
Custom’s clearance forms
Insurance policies
Internal invoices
National press documents
Educational papers
Transporting company documents
Mail company documents
Images
GS1 key

Required GDTI The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Global Document Type Identifier (GDTI) is AI (253), see section 3.2. Rules See section 4.7, GDTI rules. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with an GDTI, see section 3.2 Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))

When EPC/RFID is used as an additional data carrier, the GDTI EPC must be serialised. When there is a business need, the associated barcode can also carry a serialised GDTI. In that case the value of the serialised GDTI in the EPC/RFID and associated barcode SHALL be the same (see section 4.15.1).

Symbol placement No standard placement. The following are examples of numbering and symbol marking for document control: Unique application processing requirements For description of processing requirements, see section 7.

Example 1: Legally required declaration prior to travel This example shows how GS1-128 barcodes can be used to automate the capture of information for traveller who enters or leaves the country.

Figure 2-11 Legally required travel declaration

Example 2: Insurance policy This example shows how GS1-128 barcodes can be used to automate the capture of information on insurance policies. This standard solution provides benefit for the insurer, the insured and any potential beneficiaries as well as facilitates the automation of any monitoring and inspection of the requirement to fulfil the legal norms.

Figure 2-12 Insurance policy

Example 3: Application form This example shows how GS1-128 barcodes can be used to automate the capture of information on application forms. Many organisations require their clients to complete an application form.

Figure 2-13 Membership application form

Example 4: Freight-forwarding authorisation This example shows how GS1-128 barcodes can be used to automate the capture of information on freight-forwarding forms. Many organisations require documentary evidence that goods have been dispatched prior to making payment.

Figure 2-14 Freight-forwarding authorisation

2.6.10 Internal applications

The GS1 system provides ten GS1 Application Identifiers for internal applications. Data carrier specification GS1 data carriers that can be used to represent GS1 Application Identifiers for internal applications are:

GS1 DataBar Expanded Versions

GS1-128
GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
EPC/RFID
Data carrier specifications (e.g., size, quality, placement) are to be determined internally, however

GS1-128 symbols SHALL NOT be used for symbols that require more than 48 data characters and GS1 DataBar Expanded Versions SHALL NOT be used when symbols require more than 74 numeric or 41 alphabetic characters of data.

Though the definition of AIs (91) to (99) in the GS1 Tag Data Standard (TDS) allows for larger fields, to ensure compatibility with the General Specification, AI (91) to (99) character values encoded in the User Memory of an EPC/RFID tag SHOULD NOT exceed 90 characters in length.

2.6.10.1 Information mutually agreed between trading partners: AI (90)

Element string AI (90) may be used to represent any information that has been mutually agreed between two trading partners. The agreement may include the use of FACT DIs (Data Identifiers). If a FACT DI is used, it SHOULD appear immediately after the AI (90), followed by the appropriate data. The use of FACT DIs gives little security to users.

The data carrier containing this element string SHOULD be removed from any item that leaves the jurisdiction of the trading partners. Failure to remove the symbol may cause problems if another trading partner using the same AI for a separate internal application scans the item.

2.6.10.2 Company internal information: AIs (91) to (99)

Element strings AI (91) to (99) may contain any internal information relevant to a company’s internal applications. The data carrier containing these element strings SHOULD be removed from any item that leaves the jurisdiction of the company. Failure to remove the symbol may cause problems if a trading partner using the same AI for a separate internal application scans the item.

2.6.11 Consumer trade item production control

This application standard utilises GTIN and a GTIN attribute which are used by consumer trade item manufacturers to ensure the proper association of packaging components during production of a finished consumer trade item. The attribute is called a Packaging Component Number (PCN). The PCN identifies a packaging component which is used by only one manufacturer and is an attribute of the GTIN of the finished consumer trade item. For example, a bottle of cough syrup has a front and back label. It is critical the declarations on the labels match the product filled in the bottle. By using a different PCN on each label during packaging for a specific trade item identified with a GTIN, the manufacturer can ensure the right labels are used to produce the product (GTIN to PCN associations). PCN may be encoded as a standalone symbol or the PCN and GTIN may be encoded together. Package components shared between two or more manufacturers are not covered by this standard. Manufacturers and their packaging component suppliers will have to manage this situation. The PCN is assigned by the manufacturer (possibly under the direction of the brand owner).

GS1 key Required The following key formats are allowed in this application: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
For regulated healthcare non-retail applications: GTIN-14
Rules

GTIN of the finished consumer trade item SHALL NOT be used to identify packaging components (e.g., bottle, bottle cap, front label, back label) for the purpose of trade item production control;

however GTIN is specified as the GS1 key for consumer trade item production control as the GTIN determines which packaging components are used in production. Attributes Required The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Packaging Component Number is AI (243), see section 3.2.

Rules PCN SHALL NOT replace GTIN for pricing, ordering, or invoicing upstream packaging components from the manufacturer’s upstream suppliers. Per section 4.13, PCN has a mandatory association with one or more finished consumer trade item GTIN(s). The PCN and GTIN may or may not be encoded in the same symbol.

PCN is used only on packaging components used by one manufacturer. There may be more than one PCN associated with one GTIN. One PCN may be associated with multiple GTINs There SHALL only be one PCN per each packaging component for the lifespan of the packaging component and one packaging component may change while another does not. For example a front and back label would each have a unique PCN and the front label may change while the back label does not.

Over a GTIN’s lifespan, there may be more than one PCN per packaging component (e.g., front label). Optional Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices

Table 2-33 Carrier choices

Symbol options by consumer trade item type	Type of consumer trade item
General retail POS	General retail POS	Regulated healthcare	Regulated healthcare
POS (retail)	POC (non-retail)
GTIN and PCN in one symbol	GS1 DataBar	GS1 DataBar or GS1 DataMatrix	GS1 DataBar, GS1 DataMatrix, GS1-128, Composite Component
PCN standalone	GS1 symbol selection/size specifications left to the manufacturer’s discretion
GTIN, PCN, & Extended	(*) GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code	GS1 DataMatrix	GS1 DataMatrix
Packaging URL in one
symbol
(*) For general retail consumer trade items where PCN is combined with AI (8200) GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code may be used according to the specifications Table 5-44 and Table 5-45 GS1 symbol specification table 1 Addendum.

Symbol placement When the PCN is encoded together with GTIN, symbol placement rules for consumer trade item apply. If the production line scanning of the PCN prohibits use of this symbol placement, the PCN must be encoded in a separate barcode.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.6.12 Component/part identification

2.6.12.1 Application description

This application is subject to the following restrictions: The Component & Part Identifier is available for business processes where products are

identified by the buyer. The buyer instructs his suppliers on how to identify and mark the products delivered to him. The identifier SHALL NOT be used in open supply chains. It is restricted to use by mutual agreement.
The GTIN is the only GS1 standard identifier for trade items in open supply chains.

A Component/Part (C/P) is defined as an item that is intended to undergo at least one further transformation process to create finished goods for the purpose of downstream consumption. C/P examples may include:

Drive motor for washing machine

Fan assembly for a jet engine
Pipe/tube
Printed circuit board for television
Starter motor for vehicle
Magnetic coil for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine
Wheel axle
Several industry sectors use established systems for the identification of C/P in the supply chain.

Very often, companies use alphanumeric identifiers for their C/P, which may be serialised. Many IT systems rely on the identifiers structure that includes limited meaningful information. Time-critical processes (material resource planning, delivery schedules, etc.) do not allow for a mapping of the identification schemes to other identifiers. In addition, there is often no ubiquitous network access available. Network failures can happen in reality and could lead to production interruptions which in turn lead to tremendous economic losses. For that reason, technical industries have implemented autonomous assembly lines, which are controlled by dedicated control terminals that need no permanent network access.

This application specifies a C/P Identifier that is available for the following processes: The C/P Identifier may be used by an OEM for their C/P procurement. The typical scenario is

that an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) assigns identifiers to Components/Parts necessary to build finished goods, such as automobiles. The C/P production is contracted to suppliers who use the C/P Identifier assigned by their customer, the OEM. The OEM and/or agents make use of the C/P Identifier in their production process.
C/P Identifiers are also available to points of service for after sales services and maintenance
activities, including procurement.

Note: GTIN remains the mandatory solution for items crossing aftermarket retail points of sale. The following diagram illustrates the three main business processes where C/P Identifiers may be appropriate:

Figure 2-15 Business processes where C/P Identifiers may be appropriate

2.6.12.2 Identification requirements

Components/Parts that meet the requirements described above can be identified by a C/P Identifier that has the following characteristics: The C/P Identifier comprises a GS1 Company Prefix and C/P reference assigned by the GS1

Company Prefix holder.

The C/P reference format is variable length. The Component/Part reference SHALL only consist

of numeric, alphabetic upper-case or special characters “#”, “-“, or “/”

The total length of the identifier SHALL NOT exceed 30 characters.

The C/P Identifier would be classified as a “GS1 key” according to the current GS1 definitions.
However it is not to be used in open supply chains but can be used as primary identifier in barcoding applications, EPC/RFID and EPCIS. GS1 key Required CPID The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Component/Part Identifier (CPID) is AI (8010), see section 3.2. Rules The C/P Identifier would be classified as a “GS1 key” according to the current GS1 definitions.

However it is not to be used in open supply chains. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional The C/P Identifier may be supplemented by an optional serial number. The format of the serial number is numeric only, maximum 12 digits. See GS1 Application Identifier (8011) Component/Part Identifier in section 3.9.11 and also for all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with a CPID, see section 3.2.

Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))
When EPC/RFID is used, AI (8011), Component/Part Identifier serial number, must be used in addition to AI (8010). When there is a business need, the associated barcode can also carry AI (8011). In that case, the value of AI (8010) and AI (8011) in the EPC/RFID tag and associated barcode SHALL be the same (see section 4.15.1).

Data carrier specifications are to be provided by the OEM to its partners. Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements Not applicable

2.6.13 Global Model Number (GMN)

Application description The GS1 Global Model Number (GMN) is the GS1 identification key that may be used to identify a product model (e.g., medical device family, apparel style, consumer electronics model) based on attributes common to the model as defined by the brand owner in accordance with industry guidelines (where available) or regulation. The product model is the basis from which related trade items are derived. GMN comprises the GS1 Company Prefix, a model reference and check character pair. The model reference utilises characters from GS1 AI encodable character set 82 and its structure is left to the discretion of the brand owner who assigns it. (see section 3.9.13) This GS1 identification key, once assigned to one product model, SHALL NOT be reissued to another product model. The GMN SHALL NOT be used to identify a trade item. A GMN is an attribute of a trade item identified with a GTIN. A GMN is directly correlated to one or more GTINs, a GTIN SHALL only be associated with one GMN.

The Global Model Number can be used by any industry but for regulated healthcare medical devices the following applies: Regulated healthcare medical devices For regulated healthcare medical devices, the GMN is the GS1 identification key to support the implementation of the Basic UDI-DI requirements.

For regulated healthcare medical devices, the Basic UDI-DI serves as the key element in the UDI regulatory database for medical devices. By providing an identifier for a medical device family, the GMN will link medical device trade item(s) identified by GTIN(s) in the UDI database to pre-market and post-market activities (e.g., certificates, declaration of conformity, vigilance, market surveillance and clinical investigations).

The following points highlight the relationship between Basic UDI-DI (GMN) and UDI-DI (GTIN.) Basic UDI-DI (GMN) is used for medical device registration and is assigned independent of

packaging/labelling and is different from the identifier for trade items in the supply chain (UDIDI(GTIN)). All Basic UDI-DI (GMN) level attributes (in the UDI regulatory database) are common for all
GTINs associated with it.

All attributes across all UDI-DIs (GTINs) associated with one Basic UDI-DI (GMN) may not be

common.

The Basic UDI-DI (GMN) is used for device registration in the registration database. The UDI-DI

(GTIN) is used for trade item identification in the UDI database. UDI-DI (GTIN) and Basic UDIDI (GMN) allocation may occur before, in parallel, or after each other and attribution and/or linkage between the entities is only possible once both entities exist. For this reason, allocation of UDI-DI (GTIN) and Basic UDI-DI (GMN) shall be made independent of one another.

Brand owners are responsible for the assignment of Basic UDI-DI (GMN) and UDI-DI (GTIN.)

GS1 key

Required GMN The GS1 Application Identifier to indicate the Global Model Number is AI (8013), see section 3.2. Rules See section 4.12. The Global Model Number SHALL NOT be used as a replacement for the GTIN.

The GTIN SHALL NOT be used as a replacement for the Global Model Number.
For regulated healthcare medical devices, the following applies:

At any given time, the relationship between Basic UDI-DI (GMN) and UDI-DI (GTIN) is 1:n (can

be one to one or one to many), meaning a Basic UDI-DI (GMN) can be related to more than one

UDI-DI (GTIN). Basic UDI-DI (GMN) SHALL NOT be used for supply chain identification or transactional purposes

(e.g., labels, orders, deliveries, payments). Only the UDI-DI (GTIN) SHALL be used in the supply chain. UDI-DI (GTIN) SHALL NOT be used as a replacement for Basic UDI-DI (GMN).
In documentation, Basic UDI-DI (GMN) shall be displayed as a single data field, but formatting
such as bold or italics may be used within text representation of the identifier to increase efficiency and accuracy of key-entry. Spaces are not permitted as characters in the Basic UDI-DI (GMN). For construction industry, the following apply: The Global Model Number may be processed as stand-alone information where applicable or
with a GTIN on the same item. See sections 2.1.7 and 4.15 for the use of the GMN together with GTIN. Attributes Not applicable Data carrier specification GMN is a GS1 identification key not intended for use in a data carrier except for the construction industry. For regulated healthcare medical devices, the Basic UDI-DI (GMN) SHALL NOT be used in any labelling, physical marking, or GS1 AIDC data carrier on trade items associated with the Basic UDI- DI (GMN). The GMN MAY be included on documents or certificates, and in that case the rules for data content, format and data title in 3.9.13 apply.

Carrier choices For the construction industry the following carrier choices apply: GS1 DataMatrix

GS1 QR Code
In open environments, the following data carriers can also be used but they SHALL be in addition to one of the above carrier choices and see section 4.15 for multiple barcode management:
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)

Note: If the item is also scanned as a retail trade item a barcode that conforms to retail specifications is required. Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality See section 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4. When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.6.14 Permanently marked items

Application description Some applications require a permanent mark on the item, in order for it to be identified during its full lifetime independent of its packaging. These items may be identified with GIAI, GRAI, or GTIN plus serial number.

Three methods exist for the permanent marking of items: 1. Direct part marking (DPM): The process of marking a symbol directly onto an item using an intrusive or non-intrusive method instead of applying a label or using another indirect marking process. These symbols are typically read from a shorter distance.

Durable labelling and marking: The process of marking a symbol onto a label or the item itself that is intended to permanently identify the item, part, or asset (i.e. medical devices, consumer electronics, etc.). These symbols will also appear on items that are tracked and traced for maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) purposes. Some of these symbols must withstand harsh environmental conditions and be readable from a long distance, typically more than 3 metres (10 feet).
Durable EPC/RFID tagging: The process of applying an EPC/RFID tag that is intended to remain permanently affixed to the item, part, or asset. GS1 key Required The allowed key formats for this application are:

GTIN-12

GTIN-13
GTIN-14
GRAI
GIAI
Rules

See the rules for GTIN, section 4.2, and GIAI and GRAI in section 4.4. Attributes Required For regulated healthcare consumer trade items the following levels of AIDC marking are specified:

Table 2-34 AIDC marking levels for regulated healthcare consumer trade items

AIDC marking level for	Key	Batch/lot	Expiration	Serial number – AI (21)	Other
regulated healthcare	number -	date – AI
trade items	AI (10)	(17)
Highest – Brand owner AIDC marking of certain medical devices	GTIN-12, GTIN-13, or GTIN-14	No	No	Yes	None
Highest - Hospital AIDC marking of certain medical devices (see section 2.1.8)	GRAI, AI (8003), or GIAI, AI (8004), is optional if GTIN, AI (01), + serial number, AI (21), is not marked on the product.	No	No	GRAI, AI (8003), or GIAI, AI (8004), is optional if GTIN, AI (01), + serial number, AI (21), is not marked on the product.

To manage healthcare data requirements within EPC/RFID tags, see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS). Optional See section 3 for all the GS1 Application Identifiers (AIs) that can be used with a GTIN. Since the GTIN identifies a grouping of items, the optional attributes apply to the grouping as well.

Rules Not applicable. Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1 DataMatrix

GS1 QR Code
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see Section 3.11 and the current version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS))
For healthcare, the following carrier selection applies to regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items.

Table 2-35 Carrier choices for regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items

Preferred option	GS1 DataMatrix symbology
Option in addition to the	See the “Data carrier specification carrier choices” recommendations on options in addition to the barcode at the end of section 2.1.5
barcode

Figure 2-16. Example of GS1 DataMatrix symbol encoded with GTIN and AIs (17) and (10) per section 2.1.5

Figure 2-17 Example of GS1 DataMatrix symbol encoded with GTIN and serial number AI (21) Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality Direct part marking: The use of GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code in direct part marking applications is endorsed by GS1 for those applications that require permanent marking for cradle-to-grave history of the part’s life cycle. For regulated healthcare trade items including medical devices, GS1 DataMatrix is the only GS1 data carrier approved for direct part marking application. These symbols are typically read from a shorter distance.

Some sources express the height of the 2D cell in terms of a Y dimension. For GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code the cells are considered the same size under optimal print conditions so that X = Y.

Symbol size is determined by the amount of data and the number of rows and columns required encoding the data for the X-dimensions selected (see section 5.6.3.2). Consult GS1 symbol specification table 7, section 5.12.3.7, for minimum and maximum X- dimensions and other sizing requirements. When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X-dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Durable labelling and marking: For long distance scanning see section 5.12.3.13, GS1 symbol specification table 13. For short distance scanning see section 5.12.3.9, GS1 symbol specification table 9 (assets) or section 5.12.3.4, GS1 symbol specification table 4 (trade items). When Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI) or QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI) are used as additional data carriers, the symbol X- dimensions and minimum symbol quality applicable for GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code per the relevant symbol specification table SHALL apply.

Symbol placement General principles on placement of barcodes are described in section 6. The majority of uses for these symbols will be on very small items with curved surfaces such as vials, ampoules and very small bottles. For guidance in locating these symbols on curved surfaces, refer to section 6.2.

Unique application processing requirements for direct part marking See section 7 and section 5.12.4.3.

2.6.15 Encoding transport process information

Introduction The global Transport & Logistics industry is experiencing exponential growth in freight volumes and becoming ever more open and competitive to support the growing needs. The increasing number of service providers (especially in Last Mile) and new entrants coming in from outside the traditional T&L environment causes challenges within the supply chain where parties involved in a supply chain at times don’t even know each other, let alone have integrated systems. The fragmented nature of the industry, connectivity limitations (e.g., internet access) and the need for redundancy (e.g., absence of advance information exchange) drives the need for greater interoperability and the ability to capture transport process information via barcode(s). Information such as ship-to / deliver-to address and other delivery information is encoded directly on the logistic label to support first/last mile and sortation processes.

Note (informative): For further guidance and supporting standards see the GS1 Encoding Transport Process Information Implementation Guideline. Application description This application describes the creation of transport unit labels when using 2D barcodes to include necessary transport data on GS1 transport labels. The SSCC is the mandatory identifier required on all transport labels in a GS1-128 barcode and this application defines how it should be used together with optional attributes in 2D barcodes to support transport and logistic processes.

GS1 key Required SSCC

The GS1 Application Identifier for the SSCC is AI (00), see section 3.2.

Rules All SSCC rules described in section 4.3. Attributes Required Not applicable Optional To provide optional transport process information, see Table 2-36 for a listing of GS1 Application Identifiers. For all the GS1 Application Identifiers that may be used with an SSCC in support of encoding transport process information and their format, see section 3.2.

Table 2-36 Application Identifiers used to support the transport process

AI	Data Content	Permits Non-Latin
Characters
420	Ship-to / Deliver-to postal code with a single postal authority
4300	Ship-to / Deliver-to company name	X
4301	Ship-to / Deliver-to contact	X
4302	Ship-to / Deliver-to address line 1	X
4303	Ship-to / Deliver-to address line 2	X
4304	Ship-to / Deliver-to suburb	X
4305	Ship-to / Deliver-to locality	X
4306	Ship-to / Deliver-to region	X
4307	Ship-to / Deliver-to country code
4308	Ship-to / Deliver-to telephone number
4309	Ship-to / Deliver-to GEO location
4310	Return-to company name	X
4311	Return-to contact	X
4312	Return-to address line 1	X
4313	Return-to address line 2	X
4314	Return-to suburb	X
4315	Return-to locality	X
4316	Return-to region	X
4317	Return-to country code
4318	Return-to postal code
4319	Return-to telephone number
4320	Service code description	X
4321	Dangerous goods flag
4322	Authority to leave

AI	Data Content	Permits Non-Latin
Characters
4323	Signature required flag
4324	Not before delivery date time
4325	Not after delivery date time
4326	Release date
4330	Maximum temperature in Fahrenheit (expressed in hundredths of degrees)
4331	Maximum temperature in Celsius (expressed in hundredths of degrees)
4332	Minimum temperature in Fahrenheit (expressed in hundredths of degrees)
4333	Minimum temperature in Celsius (expressed in hundredths of degrees)
7041	UN/CEFACT freight unit type

To encode non-Latin characters within the alphanumeric value, use percent-encoding as defined within RFC 3986. A space character should be encoded as a single plus symbol, +. Rules All transport process information rules see section 7.

For general human readable interpretation rules see section 4.14. Data carrier specification Carrier choices GS1-128

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard
(TDS))

The mandatory data carrier used to represent the SSCC on individual logistic units is the GS1-128 barcode symbology. As indicated by Table 2-36, 2D barcodes MAY be included in addition to the GS1-128 symbol. When used, the 2D barcode SHALL include all element strings included in the GS1-128 symbol(s) and MAY include additional element strings.

If a logistic unit does not have at least one surface area greater than an A6 or 4” x 6” logistic label (see section 6.6.4.5), a GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code MAY be used by itself on a logistic label, though a GS1-128 containing a SSCC is still recommended. If a logistic label is used with only a GS1 DataMatrix or GS1 QR Code, care must be taken to ensure trading partners are able to scan this barcode.

Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality For GS1-128, GS1 DataMatrix and GS1 QR Code, see section 5.12.3.5 GS1 symbol specification table 5. Symbol Placement All the symbol placement guidelines in section 6.

Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7. Note that some transport process information may include accented / non-Latin characters and space characters which are not available in the subset of ISO/IEC 646 International Reference Version defined in Table 7-20 used for all GS1 Application Identifier (AI) element strings. Encoding these characters can be accomplished using percent encoding as defined in RFC 3986 while using existing characters from the subset of ISO/IEC 646 International Reference Version defined in Table 7-20. Note that space character can be encoded as a plus symbol (+) as an alias of %20.

2.6.16 Digital Signature (DigSig)

Application description Digital signatures provide the ability to check:

The data has not been changed (tamper detection)
The provenance of the data, i.e., who digitally signed the data (non-repudiation)

ISO/IEC 20248: Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Digital signature data structure schema (https://www.iso.org/standard/81314.html) specifies a method to add a digital signature, and other verifiable data, to a barcode or EPC/RFID data construct by which the verification of the following can be achieved without the need to connect to an external data source:

The link with the physical object by using physical features and security marks.
By using the unique and secured chip ID, it is possible to detect if the data on a specific

EPC/RFID tag has been cloned from another tag. An ISO/IEC 20248 data construct is commonly known as a DigSig, a named thing with a specific meaning, while "digital signature" in lower case refers to the general and common digital signature.

Digital signatures can be stored within an AIDC data carrier or retrieved from an online resource. Application Identifier (8030) indicates that its value is an ISO/IEC 20248 DigSig data structure, which is an efficiently compressed data envelope that contains a digital certificate ID, digital signature, timestamp, as well as data. The signature is calculated over some data values that may be present within the DigSig envelope, as well as other data values that need to be sourced from elsewhere, such as entering a PIN number or reading a code from a security marking (e.g., hologram, UV ink mark) on the product, before attempting to verify the signature. In this way, ISO/IEC 20248 supports a strong binding between the digital signature and the physical object to which the data corresponds.

An alternative approach using an online digital signature can support a similarly strong binding to the physical object if the digitally signed data uses properties defined within the GS1 Web vocabulary - see https://gs1.org/voc/AuthenticityDetails. In a similar manner to ISO/IEC 20248, it is possible to include a value within the calculation of the digital signature, while omitting it from the data payload, forcing the verifying party to retrieve the missing data value from elsewhere, e.g., from a known PIN number or from a code read from a security marking on the physical object. Formats for online digital signatures include JSON Web Signatures (JWS), XML Signatures or Verifiable Credentials. Resolver infrastructure for GS1 Digital Link can be used (e.g., with linkType=gs1:jws ) to find sources of digitally signed data for a GS1 Digital Link URI (or for its equivalent element string).

Note: For regulated healthcare trade items, Digital Signature (DigSig) SHALL NOT be used in any labelling, physical marking, or GS1 AIDC data carrier on associated trade items. The following keys are viable keys for use with a Digital Signature (DigSig).

GS1 Key Required The following key formats are allowed in this application: GTIN-8

GTIN-12
GTIN-13
GTIN-14
ITIP
SSCC
GRAI
GIAI
GSRN (Provider)
GSRN (Recipient)
GCN
GDTI
CPID
Rules

All application rules, for the relevant GS1 key, are described in section 4. Attributes Required AI (8030) Digital Signature (DigSig) Instance level identification is required in addition to AI (8030), see Table 4-1 Entities identified by GS1 identification keys (simple or compound) within the GS1 System Architecture document.

Optional Not applicable Rules Not applicable Data carrier specification Carrier choices The data carriers required to carry a DigSig are listed below however specifications for data carriers are established with the application standards for the GS1 Identification keys. In some applications, one of the data carriers below are permitted without needing any other data carriers on the entity being identified. In other application standards, one of the data carriers below are permitted in addition to another data carrier that is incapable of encoding DigSig (e.g., EAN/UPC, GS1-128, ITF- 14, GS1 DataBar)

GS1 DataMatrix
GS1 QR Code
Data Matrix (GS1 Digital Link URI)
QR Code (GS1 Digital Link URI)
EPC/RFID (see section 3.11 and the most recent version of the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard (TDS)) Symbol X-dimension, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality To determine which symbol specification table is applicable, please refer to the relevant application standard for the required GS1 key, in section 2.

Symbol placement Not applicable Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.6.17 Restricted application – highly individualised device identifier via Master Unique

Device Identifier – Device Identifier (MUDI-DI) Application description MUDI-DI meets a EUDAMED registration requirement for highly individualised medical devices. The first published regulatory requirement covers contact lenses, per both Made-to-Stock (standard contact lenses per regulation (EU) 2017/745 as amended 7 October 2023) and Made-to-Order contact lenses. Future regulation may cover additional device types. MUDI-DI permits consolidated EUDAMED registration of standard contact lenses with similar clinical parameters according to identifiers specified per the two scenarios below:

For devices that are currently identified by GTIN, MUDI-DI, not GTIN, serves as the UDI-DI. For MUDI-DI the Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI): AI (8014) is used instead of GTIN for device registration within EUDAMED. The Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) is a restricted application use of the GS1 Global Model Number (GMN). GTINs allocated according to existing rules associated with AI (01) for Made-to-Stock trade items, will continue to be used for these devices to support current business processes.

Therefore, AI (01) and related UDI-DI production identifiers (e.g., lot number, serial number, production date) would appear with AI (8014) on product labelling for Made-to-Stock contact lenses in the EU.

For Made-to-Order devices where GTIN is not currently used, a Made-to-Order GTIN SHALL be used in conjunction with a compound key component (e.g., lot number, serial number). This GTIN SHALL be used as the MUDI-DI and therefore the UDI-DI. This GTIN SHALL be qualified using AI (03) not AI (01) to signal scanning/reading systems that the compound GTIN key is required and that the GTIN itself is allocated according to Made-to-Order GTIN rules rather than the current Made-to-Stock rules. This GTIN may be a GTIN-12, GTIN-13 or a GTIN-14, but when it is registered in EUDAMED, it is stored in a 14-digit format.

The MUDI-DI, whether the Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) or Made-to- Order GTIN, once assigned, SHALL NOT be reissued. The MUDI-DI SHALL only be used for standard contact lenses that will be registered in EUDAMED per European regulations and the following applies:

GS1 key Required For devices currently utilising GTIN per existing (Made-to-Stock) GS1 Healthcare GTIN Allocation Rules Standard

Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) SHALL be used as the MUDI-DI (UDI-DI).
GTIN (SHALL be used for current business processes)

For Made-to-Order devices not currently identified by a GTIN:

Made-to-Order GTIN SHALL be used as the MUDI-DI (UDI-DI)
Made-to-Order GTIN in conjunction with a compound key data element (e.g., lot number, serial number) SHALL be used for current business processes where GTIN alone is insufficient to uniquely identify the device) Rules See section 4.13 For devices using current GS1 Healthcare GTIN Allocation Rules Standard used for Made-to-Stock products, GTIN SHALL continue to be used for current business processes and the Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) SHALL be used as the MUDI-DI (UDI-DI) according to the following rules:

The Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) SHALL be used as MUDI-DI and

SHALL NOT be used to identify the device for the purpose of trade where Global Trade Item

Number (GTIN) is used today. The GTIN SHALL NOT be used for MUDI-DI registration purposes in EUDAMED where the Highly

Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) serves as the MUDI-DI (UDI-DI).

At any given time, the relationship between the Highly Individualised Device Registration

Identifier (HIDRI) / (MUDI-DI) and a Made-to-Stock GTIN using AI (01) is 1:n (can be one to one or one to many), meaning the Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) / (MUDI-DI) can be related to more than one Made-to-Stock GTIN. As the Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) is stored within the UDI-DI
field within EUDAMED, this element string SHALL contain at least one non-numeric character within the “grouping reference” data structure to ensure against any potential conflict with existing GTINs. In documentation, the MUDI-DI shall be displayed per GMN rules found in section 2.6.13.
Allocation of the Highly Individualised Device Registration Identifier (HIDRI) to register a family
of Made-to-Stock contact lenses as the MUDI-DI is made per the discretion of the brand owner, but in compliance with EU regulatory requirements based on the EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR). For Made-to-Order devices not currently identified by a Made-to-Stock GTIN, a Made-to-Order GTIN SHALL be used as the MUDI-DI (UDI-DI) for EUDAMED registration according to the following rules:

The Made-to-Order GTIN SHALL be used as a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) in conjunction

with a compound GTIN key component (e.g., lot number, serial number) in order to create a unique trade item identifier. The Made-to-Order GTIN SHALL be used for EUDAMED registration purposes as the MUDI-DI
(UDI-DI).

In documentation, the MUDI-DI shall be displayed as a single data field, but formatting such as

bold or italics may be used within text representation of the identifier to increase efficiency and accuracy of key-entry. Allocation of the Made-to-Order GTIN for a family of Made-to-Order contact lenses is made per
the discretion of the brand owner, but in compliance with EU regulatory requirements based on the EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR). The same GTIN value SHALL NOT be used with AI (01) and AI (03).
Attributes

Required Where one Made-to-Order GTIN with AI (03) can support requirements related to specific use by a patient or the purpose of trade, intended use, or point-of-care and EUDAMED registration of highly individualised devices sharing similar characteristics, in the context of the EU UDI requirements for contact lenses, there SHALL BE:

a. no requirement to conform to the existing GS1 Healthcare GTIN Allocation Rules Standard and b. no mandatory requirement for lot number or serial number (beyond that specified by regulation) to ensure unique identification because there is a one-to-one GTIN to device relationship.

For contact lenses registered using MUDI-DI in EUDAMED, where MUDI-DI is a MtO GTIN, and where the contact lenses must be distinguishable from other contact lenses consolidated by the same MtO GTIN (MUDI-DI) for specific use by a patient or the purpose of trade, intended use, or point-of-care, each contact lens SHALL be uniquely identified and marked. Where one GTIN with AI (03) is used to support EUDAMED registration of highly individualised devices sharing similar characteristics and the GTIN cannot support distinguishing one device from another, there SHALL BE:

a. no requirement to conform to existing GS1 Healthcare GTIN Allocation Rules Standard and: b. GTIN with another compound key data element that ensures unique identification (e.g., lot number, serial number) SHALL be used to ensure unique identification, for these extra regulatory requirements, because there is a one-to-many GTIN to device relationship.

Optional See section 3.2 - GS1 Application Identifiers in numerical order for a complete list of all GS1 Application Identifiers. Data carrier specification Carrier choices

See the “data carrier specification carrier choices“ recommendations on preferred options, options in addition to the barcode and other acceptable options found at the end of Section 2.1.5 Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items) which apply to Section 2.1.6 Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items) as well.

Note: If the item is also scanned as a retail trade item a barcode that conforms to retail specifications is also required. Symbol X-dimensions, minimum symbol height and minimum symbol quality Highly individualised medical devices will require MUDI-DI but the symbol specifications for the device itself SHALL NOT change. These specifications are found in the relevant application standard for the device as determined by the brand owner of the device. For a list of applications and their associated symbol specification tables, see section 2.7.

Excerpts of Table 2-37 below provide relevant application standards.

Application	See section	SST(s)
Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items)	2.1.5	6
Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items)	2.1.6	8 or 10

Symbol placement All the symbol placement guidelines defined in section 6. Unique application processing requirements For a description of processing requirements, see section 7.

2.7 Summary of applications and operative scanning environments

Table 2-37 provides a cross-reference for all system applications defined in section 2 and the GS1 symbol specification tables (SSTs) in section 5. The application where the barcode will be used needs to be determined prior to locating the correct symbol specification table (SST) entry. Use the “SST(s)” column to find the SST appropriate for the application area. Because most application areas provide a reference to two symbol specification tables based on the operative scanning environment, a decision must be made between the two. See the decision tree in Figure 5-68 to determine the correct symbol specification table.

Table 2-37 Areas of GS1 system application

Application	See section	SST(s)
Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using:	2.1.3
GTIN-12 or GTIN-13	2.1.3.1	1
GTIN-12 carried by a UPC-E barcode	2.1.3.2	1
GTIN-8	2.1.3.3	1
Hardcover books and paperbacks scanned at retail POS using ISBN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12	2.1.3.4	1

Application	See section	SST(s)
Serial publications scanned at retail POS using ISSN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12	2.1.3.5	1
Fixed measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS	2.1.3.6	1
Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution and at retail POS	2.1.4	3
Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items)	2.1.5	6
Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade items)	2.1.6	8 or 10
Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution	2.1.7	2
Regulated healthcare trade items	2.1.7	8
Manufacturing, maintenance, repair and overhaul trade items	2.1.7	4
Medical devices (non-retail trade items)	2.1.8	7
Fixed measure trade items packed in several individual pieces not scanned at retail POS	2.1.9	2, 4
Healthcare trade items	2.1.9	8 or 10
Variable measure trade items scanned in general distribution	2.1.10	2
Fixed measure trade items – restricted distribution applications	2.1.11
Company internal numbering – RCN-8 Prefix 0 or 2	2.1.11.1	1
Company internal numbering – RCN- 13 GS1 Prefix 04 (RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 4)	2.1.11.2	1
Company internal numbering – RCN- 12 U.P.C. Prefix 0 (LAC and RZSC)	2.1.11.3	1
GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 to 29 - Restricted Circulation	2.1.11.4	1
Variable measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail point-of- sale using GTIN	2.1.12.1	1
Variable measure trade items scanned at retail point-of-sale using Restricted Circulation Numbers	2.1.12.2	1
GS1 Digital Link URI syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items	2.1.13.1	1 Addendum 2
GS1 element string syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items	2.1.13.2	1 Addendum 1
Regulated healthcare trade items	2.1.13.2	6, 7, 8, or 10
Regulated trade item, at unit pack level, per EU 2018/574 for tobacco traceability (GTIN + Third-Party Controlled Serialised Extension of GTIN)	2.1.14	12
Regulated trade item, at standard trade grouping level, per EU 2018/574 for tobacco traceability (SGTIN)	2.1.14	12
Regulated logistics unit per EU 2018/574 for tobacco traceability (SSCC)	2.1.14	12
Logistics units - individual logistic units (SSCC)	2.2.1	5
Logistics units - multiple logistic units (GSIN, GINC)	2.2.2, 2.2.3	5
Assets – Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI)	2.3.1	9
Direct part marking	2.3.1, 2.6.14	7
Durable labelling and marking	2.3.1, 2.6.14	9, 13
Assets – Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI)	2.3.2	9

Application	See section	SST(s)
Direct part marking	2.3.2 2.6.14	7
Durable labelling and marking	2.3.2 2.6.14	9, 13
Identification of a physical location	2.4.2	9
Service relationships	2.5	11
Use of demographic data to support verification or validation of personal identity	2.5.5	11
Coupons identified using the Global Coupon Number	2.6.2	1
Coupon identification for restricted geographic distribution (GS1 Prefix 99) GS1 common currency coupon identification (GS1 Prefixes 981 to 983)	2.6.3.3 2.6.3.4 2.6.3.5	1
Coupon code identification for use in North America (AIs (8110), (8112))	2.6.3.6 2.6.3.7	(*)
Refund receipts	2.6.4	1
Electronic serial identifier for cellular mobile telephones (CMTI): AI (8002)	2.6.5	4
Payment slips	2.6.6	4
Customer specific articles	2.6.7	1
Custom trade item	2.6.8	4
Global Document Type Identifier for document control	2.6.9	9
Internal applications	2.6.10	N/A
Consumer trade item production control	2.6.11	N/A
Component/part identification	2.6.12	N/A
Global Model Number	2.6.13	4
Permanently marked items	2.6.14	4, 7, 9, 13
Encoding transport process information	2.6.15	5
Digital Signature (DigSig) detailed in ISO/IEC 20248	2.6.16	(**)
() See US Coupon Application Guideline Using GS1 DataBar Expanded Symbols for the appropriate SST. (*) Refer to the application standard of the required GS1 key, for the appropriate SST.

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上一篇：1 GS1 Identification Standard

下一篇：3 GS1 Application Identifier definitions

原文链接：GS1 General Specifications Standard

2.1 Trade items​

2.1.1 Introduction​

2.1.1.1 Physical or non-physical trade items​

2.1.1.2 Open or restricted distribution​

2.1.1.3 Fixed or variable measure​

2.1.1.4 Types of trade items​

2.1.1.5 Books and serial publications​

2.1.1.6 Single item or trade item grouping​

2.1.1.7 Trade item assortments/bundles​

2.1.1.7.1 Physical trade item assortments/bundles​

2.1.1.7.2 Virtual trade item assortment/bundle​

2.1.1.8 Regulated healthcare trade items (RHTI)​

2.1.1.8.1 Marking levels of regulated healthcare trade items​

2.1.1.8.2 National Healthcare Reimbursement Numbers​

2.1.1.9 Single trade items composed of several physical parts​

2.1.1.10 GTIN data string​

2.1.2 Fixed measure trade items – open supply chain​

2.1.3 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS​

2.1.3.1 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-12 or GTIN-13​

2.1.3.2 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-12 carried by a UPC-E​

2.1.3.3 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-8​

2.1.3.4 Hardcover books and paperbacks scanned at retail POS using ISBN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12​

2.1.3.5 Serial publications scanned at retail POS using ISSN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12​

2.1.3.6 Fixed measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS​

2.1.4 Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution and at retail POS​

2.1.5 Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items)​

2.1.6 Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade​

2.1.7 Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution​

2.1.7.1 Identification of a trade item that is a single product​

2.1.7.2 Trade item groupings of identical trade items​

2.1.7.3 Trade item groupings of mixed trade items​

2.1.8 Medical devices (non-retail trade items)​

2.1.9 Fixed measure trade items packed in several individual pieces not scanned at​

2.1.10 Variable measure trade items scanned in general distribution​

2.1.11 Fixed measure trade items – restricted distribution applications​

2.1.11.1 Company internal numbering – RCN-8 Prefix 0 or 2​

2.1.11.2 Company internal numbering – RCN-13 GS1 Prefix 04 (RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 4)​

2.1.11.3 Company internal numbering – RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 0 (LAC and RZSC)​

2.1.11.4 GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 to 29 - Restricted distribution​

2.1.12 Variable measure trade items scanned at retail POS​

2.1.12.1 Variable measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN​

2.1.12.2 Variable measure trade items scanned at retail POS using RCN​

2.1.13 Trade item extended packaging applications​

2.1.13.1 GS1 Digital Link URI syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items​

2.1.13.2 GS1 element string syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items​

2.1.14 European Regulation 2018/574, traceability of tobacco products​

2.1.14.1 Trade Items at EU 2018/574 Unit Pack Level​

2.1.14.2 Aggregated unit packs (aUIs) offered as trade items (referred to as trade item groupings​

2.1.14.3 Aggregated unit packs at transport unit level (referred to as logistic units by GS1)​

2.1.14.4 Machine Identification per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as individual asset by GS1)​

2.1.14.5 Facility per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as physical location by GS1)​

2.1.14.6 Economic operator per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as party by GS1)​

2.1.15 Identification of non-new trade items​

2.1.16 Identification for service activation of mobile devices/equipment​

2.2 Logistic units​

2.2.1 Individual logistic units​

2.2.2 Multiple logistic units – Global Identification Number for Consignment​

2.2.3 Multiple logistic units – Global Shipment Identification Number​

2.3 Assets​

2.3.1 Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI): AI (8003)​

2.3.2 Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI): AI (8004)​

2.4 Parties and locations​

2.4.1 Application overview​

2.4.2 Identification of a physical location​

2.4.3 Physical locations in business processes​

2.4.4 Identification of a party​

2.4.5 Parties in business processes​

2.5 Service relationships​

2.5.1 Global Service Relation Number – Provider: AI (8017)​

2.5.2 Global Service Relation Number – Recipient: AI (8018)​

2.5.3 Service Relation Instance Number: AI (8019)​

2.5.4 Supporting the verification or validation of a subject of care (patient)​

2.5.5 Use of demographic data to support verification or validation of personal identity​

2.6 Special applications​

2.6.1 Coupons​

2.6.2 Coupons identified using the Global Coupon Number​

2.6.2.1 Paper coupons​

2.6.2.2 Digital coupons​

2.6.2.2.1 Relation with existing coupon specifications​

2.6.2.2.2 Identification requirements for digital coupons​

2.1 Trade items

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.1.1 Physical or non-physical trade items

2.1.1.2 Open or restricted distribution

2.1.1.3 Fixed or variable measure

2.1.1.4 Types of trade items

2.1.1.5 Books and serial publications

2.1.1.6 Single item or trade item grouping

2.1.1.7 Trade item assortments/bundles

2.1.1.7.1 Physical trade item assortments/bundles

2.1.1.7.2 Virtual trade item assortment/bundle

2.1.1.8 Regulated healthcare trade items (RHTI)

2.1.1.8.1 Marking levels of regulated healthcare trade items

2.1.1.8.2 National Healthcare Reimbursement Numbers

2.1.1.9 Single trade items composed of several physical parts

2.1.1.10 GTIN data string

2.1.2 Fixed measure trade items – open supply chain

2.1.3 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS

2.1.3.1 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-12 or GTIN-13

2.1.3.2 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-12 carried by a UPC-E

2.1.3.3 Fixed measure trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN-8

2.1.3.4 Hardcover books and paperbacks scanned at retail POS using ISBN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12

2.1.3.5 Serial publications scanned at retail POS using ISSN, GTIN-13, or GTIN-12

2.1.3.6 Fixed measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS

2.1.4 Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution and at retail POS

2.1.5 Healthcare primary packaging (non-retail trade items)

2.1.6 Healthcare secondary packaging (regulated healthcare retail consumer trade

2.1.7 Fixed measure trade items scanned in general distribution

2.1.7.1 Identification of a trade item that is a single product

2.1.7.2 Trade item groupings of identical trade items

2.1.7.3 Trade item groupings of mixed trade items

2.1.8 Medical devices (non-retail trade items)

2.1.9 Fixed measure trade items packed in several individual pieces not scanned at

2.1.10 Variable measure trade items scanned in general distribution

2.1.11 Fixed measure trade items – restricted distribution applications

2.1.11.1 Company internal numbering – RCN-8 Prefix 0 or 2

2.1.11.2 Company internal numbering – RCN-13 GS1 Prefix 04 (RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 4)

2.1.11.3 Company internal numbering – RCN-12 U.P.C. Prefix 0 (LAC and RZSC)

2.1.11.4 GS1 Prefixes 02, 20 to 29 - Restricted distribution

2.1.12 Variable measure trade items scanned at retail POS

2.1.12.1 Variable measure fresh food trade items scanned at retail POS using GTIN

2.1.12.2 Variable measure trade items scanned at retail POS using RCN

2.1.13 Trade item extended packaging applications

2.1.13.1 GS1 Digital Link URI syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items

2.1.13.2 GS1 element string syntax for extended packaging applications for trade items

2.1.14 European Regulation 2018/574, traceability of tobacco products

2.1.14.1 Trade Items at EU 2018/574 Unit Pack Level

2.1.14.2 Aggregated unit packs (aUIs) offered as trade items (referred to as trade item groupings

2.1.14.3 Aggregated unit packs at transport unit level (referred to as logistic units by GS1)

2.1.14.4 Machine Identification per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as individual asset by GS1)

2.1.14.5 Facility per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as physical location by GS1)

2.1.14.6 Economic operator per at EU 2018/574 (referred to as party by GS1)

2.1.15 Identification of non-new trade items

2.1.16 Identification for service activation of mobile devices/equipment

2.2 Logistic units

2.2.1 Individual logistic units

2.2.2 Multiple logistic units – Global Identification Number for Consignment

2.2.3 Multiple logistic units – Global Shipment Identification Number

2.3 Assets

2.3.1 Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI): AI (8003)

2.3.2 Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI): AI (8004)

2.4 Parties and locations

2.4.1 Application overview

2.4.2 Identification of a physical location

2.4.3 Physical locations in business processes

2.4.4 Identification of a party

2.4.5 Parties in business processes

2.5 Service relationships

2.5.1 Global Service Relation Number – Provider: AI (8017)

2.5.2 Global Service Relation Number – Recipient: AI (8018)

2.5.3 Service Relation Instance Number: AI (8019)

2.5.4 Supporting the verification or validation of a subject of care (patient)

2.5.5 Use of demographic data to support verification or validation of personal identity

2.6 Special applications

2.6.1 Coupons

2.6.2 Coupons identified using the Global Coupon Number

2.6.2.1 Paper coupons

2.6.2.2 Digital coupons

2.6.2.2.1 Relation with existing coupon specifications

2.6.2.2.2 Identification requirements for digital coupons